Thyroid surgery is a widely performed operation in recent two decades with complication rate less than 5% [1]. Parathyroid damage is most frequent complication of thyroid surgery because parathyroid is near to or even inside of thyroid gland, and because it is a challenge to distinguish by naked eyes. It has been reported that the incidental rate of parathyroidectomy in thyroid surgery ranges b...

Phosphate load accelerates the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). In advanced stages of sHPT, there is a marked hyperplasia and resistance to classical regulatory endocrine factors such as calcium, calcitriol, or fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which suppresses PTH secretion by an ERK-dependent mechanism. Nephrectomized rats were fed with a high- or normal-phosphorus diet...

of an ectopic, overly-descended superior parathyroid adenoma in both primary and reoperative parathyroid surgery. Methods: A prospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing parathyroid surgery in a tertiary endocrine surgery practice from March 2004 to April 2013 was undertaken. All patients undergoing curative primary or reoperative surgery for single-gland parathyroid adenomas were id...

BACKGROUND The relationship between the number of parathyroid glands preserved and hypoparathyroidism is not well understood. We sought to determine the number of parathyroid glands that need to be preserved to prevent hypoparathyroidism. METHODS We analyzed 454 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. We analyzed the frequency of hypoparathyroidism accordin...

OBJECTIVE It is important to identify and save the normal parathyroid glands during head and neck surgery because of their role in regulating the blood calcium level, yet it is often difficult to localize normal parathyroid glands during surgery. Fluorescence-guided parathyroidectomy in patients with hyperparathyroidism has already proved useful. However, there are few reports of fluorescence-g...

Thyroid surgery is a widely performed operation in recent two decades with complication rate less than 5% [1]. Parathyroid damage is most frequent complication of thyroid surgery because parathyroid is near to or even inside of thyroid gland, and because it is a challenge to distinguish by naked eyes. It has been reported that the incidental rate of parathyroidectomy in thyroid surgery ranges b...

Background: Cadmium toxicity has been shown in aquatic animals but the effect on frog’s endocrine glands is not known. We investigated the effects of cadmium on ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands of Indian skipper frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis. Methods: Frogs were exposed to cadmium chloride for short and long terms and sacrificed after 24, 48, 72 or 96 h (short-term) and after 5, 10, 1...

HYPOTHESIS A nomogram based on regression analysis of intraoperative parathyroid hormone level decay discriminates single gland disease from multiglandular (MG) disease more accurately than the currently used 50% rule. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Academic health center. PATIENTS Two hundred thirty-five patients (222 patients with single gland disease and 13 patients with MG ...

The incidence of parathyroid carcinoma is rare. We recently encountered a case of double carcinoma, located in the right and left upper parathyroid glands. A 67-year old man came to the Teikyo University Hospital because of his bilateral parathyroid masses with hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone (PTH). Preoperative diagnoses were parathyroid adenoma in the left lobe and papillary thyroi...

A case of the 'milk alkali syndrome' associated with grossly elevated levels of amino terminal parathyroid hormone is described. The hypercalcaemia (calcium 4.09 mmol/l) and hyperparathyroidism settled on conservative measures. Factors in the milk alkali syndrome which might stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone include parathyroid gland hyperplasia secondary to suppression of ionized ca...