We construct explicit examples of one-dimensional driven diffusive systems for two and three species of interacting particles, defined by asymmetric dynamical rules which do not obey detailed balance, but whose nonequilibrium stationary states coincide with a prescribed equilibrium Gibbsian state. For simplicity, the states considered only involve nearest-neighbor interactions. For two species,...

BACKGROUND: Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important essential elements in the body of animals and plants. Zinc plays a significant role in the structure of more than 300 different proteins and in many life supporting biochemical and metabolic processes such as cellular respiration and protection against free radicals. Nanoparticles of zinc are the new form of Zinc used in cosmetic and personal c...

A model for heat-recirculating micro combustor is developed. It investigates the structure of laminar, one-dimensional and steady state flame propagation in uniformly premixed wood particles with considering the effects of heat recirculation caused by configuration of micro combustor. The flame structure is divided into three regions: a preheat-devolatilization zone where the rate of the gas-ph...

Magnetic polymer particles which were modified by vinyl groups and subjected topolymerization by vinyl β-Cyclodextrin derivative, has been used as adsorbent for sorption andrelease of bovine serum albumin and the equilibrium and kinetics of the adsorption process werestudied. The absorbability and releasing of this protein through the new polymer has beenmeasured by ultraviolet-visible spectros...

The present study concentrates on the synthesis of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous solution of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and tetrachloroaurate by different methods as thermal, sonochemical and electrochemical reduction. The PVP has been used as a reducing agent and acts as a stabilizer for Au nano particles that obtained as principal product. In all synthesis procedures, the active radi...

Power particles are mainly in solid state prior to impact on substrates from high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. The bonding between particles and substrates is critical to ensure the quality of coating. Finite element analysis (FEA) models are developed to simulate the impingement process of solid particle impact on substrates. This numerical study examines the bonding mechanism bet...

Spherical crystallization of drugs is the process of obtaining larger particles by agglomeration during crystallization. The most common techniques used to obtain such particles are spherical agglomeration and quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. Ammonia diffusion systems and crystallo-co-agglomeration are extensions of these techniques. By controlling process parameters during crystallization, su...

Effect of temperature on hydrodynamics of bubbling gas-solid fluidized beds was investigated.  Experiments were carried out in the range of 25-600 ºC and different superficial gas velocities in the range of 0.17-0.78 m/s with sand particles. Time-position trajectory of particles was obtained by radioactive particle tracking technique. These data were used for determination of mean velocitie...

This paper presents a technique for measuring and quantifying the dielectrophoretic collection of sub-micron particles on planar microelectrode arrays. Fluorescence microscopy and video recording is used to measure the number of particles collecting on an electrode as a function of time for various experimental parameters, such as applied electrode voltage and frequency. Video images are proces...