PURPOSE We assessed the prevalence and predictors of inaccurate refractive error among rural refractionists in western China. METHODS A subset of primary school children with visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 in ≥1 eye, undergoing subjective refinement by local refractionists after cycloplegic autorefraction in an ongoing population-based study, received repeat refraction by university optometrists fo...

INTRODUCTION With a rapidly aging society, geriatric mental health is emerging as an important public health concern. According to the WHO, prevalence of depression in adults aged ≥60 years in developed and developing countries was 0.5 million and 4.8 million respectively in 2004. In India, increased life expectancy led to a rise in the older adult population between 2001 and 2011, expected to ...

BACKGROUND The shortage of physicians in Japan is a serious concern, particularly in specialties like pediatrics. The purpose of this study was to investigate recent changes in the geographic distribution of pediatricians and the factors underlying this change. METHODS We investigated the numerical changes in the pediatrician workforce (2002 to 2007) per 100,000 of the population under the ag...

Despite the huge differences between developing and developed countries, access is the major issue in rural health around the world. Even in the countries where the majority of the population lives in rural areas, the resources are concentrated in the cities. All countries have difficulties with transport and communication, and they all face the challenge of shortages of doctors and other healt...

purpose: the purpose of this paper is to evaluate to what extent the construction of common and individual biogas plants can answer the fuel needs of rural people or families. methodology: the present study with descriptive - analytical method, examines the fuel needs of the rural people and its supply by biogas from livestock waste. findings: the primary outcome of the proportion of rural popu...

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is increasingly recognizing that comprehensive and coordinated care for the veterans it serves requires coordination between VHA providers and private sector providers, particularly for rural veterans. Modern techniques of disease management and coordinated care for persons with multiple chronic conditions, both of which are critical to an aging veteran ...

Development of meaningful elearning materials has become critical for many organisations in the corporate space, particularly those whose workforce is spread over huge geographical areas. Perhaps even located in different countries, and/or different campuses. The Next GTM network is providing rural and regional customers with their first-ever taste of broadband connectivity. The Next GTM networ...

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), global climate change, which will lead to a temperature increase of the lower atmosphere, can be traced to an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other infrared-active gases. Urban agglomerations are particularly affected because, in contrast to the surrounding rural areas, they are characterised by a high ...

BACKGROUND Mobile populations and men who have sex with men (MSM) play an increasing role in the current HIV epidemic in China and across the globe. While considerable research has addressed both of these at-risk populations, more effective HIV control requires accurate data on the number of MSM at the population level, particularly MSM among migrant populations. METHODS Survey data from a ra...

BACKGROUND To investigate the socio-economic and demographic determinants of tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS Cross sectional survey of households (population based) with 2018 respondent (1038 Rural; 980 Urban) was carried out in Rawalpindi (Pakistan) and included males and females 18-65 years of age. Main outcome measure was self reported daily tobacco use. RESULTS Overall 16.5...