today, sprawl is regarded as one of the serious urban problems in most countries. the problem differs from country to country depending on various geographical, economic, social, and political structures. iran is not an exception in this regard. although urbanization in many cities has been rather gradual, the very inclination of most people to prefer living in towns and cities to living in rur...

of THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE IN WORLD WAR II SOME OPERATIONAL ART CONSIDERATIONS The World War II V-l and V-2 attacks by Germany were the first effective use of theater missiles, and the first instance of a requirement for theater missile defense (TMD). The Allied response to German cruise (V-l) and ballistic (V-2) missile attacks incorporated all the elements of modern TMD concepts—Active Defens...

This paper is a defense of “explanatory pluralism” (i.e., the view that some events can be correctly explained in two distinct ways). To defend pluralism, I argue that a certain class of macroevolutionary trends (what I call “asymmetrical passive trends”) can be explained in two distinct but compatible ways. The first approach (“actual sequence explanation”) is to trace out the particular force...

As Defense agencies and services expand their reliance on computer networks, risk to information availability and integrity increases. It is no longer adequate to rely solely on the now traditional defense-in-depth strategy. We must recognize that we are engaged in a form of warfare, cyber warfare, and deploy our resources using the strategy and tactics of warfare. Most Defense organizations ha...

Modern computer vision models mostly rely on massive human annotated dataset for supervised training. Models are typically learned from the supervision of a static dataset with a passive manner. This work explores three new settings when huge dataset supervisions are scarce and novel learning paradigms beyond passive training are proposed. First, we addressed the active learning for histopathol...

Jörne important targets can provide superior visibility in the infrared (IR) owing to thermal contrast. Current passive IR imaging systems designed for naval defense can yield highly accurate estimates of target angle, but not range data. This article describes the design and demonstration of a novel method for passively acquiring target range with an IR adaptation of an optical rangefinder. Th...

For decades, the defense business has been plagued by not having a reliable, deterministic method to know when the Kalman filter solution for passive ranging application is reliable for use by the fighter pilot. This has made it hard to accurately assess when the ranging solution can be used for situation awareness and weapons use. To date, we have used ad hoc rules-of-thumb to assess when we t...