objective: active and passive smoking lead to the production of a number of oxidants and antioxidants with various adverse health effects compromising the immune system. tobacco use increases the production of free radicals as well. the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of passive smoking on total antioxidant capacity (tac) of serum and saliva in rats. methods: this experimenta...

background: the effect of smoking cigarettes is followed by diverse effects on ovaries and developing follicles but the effect of passive smoking on ovarian function is unknown. on the other hand, the ovarian response to induction is a very important step in assisted reproduction. the aim of this study is to compare ovarian response in passive smokers and non-passive smokers in an assisted repr...

BACKGROUND The effect of active smoking on development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial, and there are limited clinical data on the relationship between passive smoking and NAFLD. We investigated whether active and passive smoking are associated with NAFLD. METHODS A total of 8580 subjects (2691 men) aged 40 years or older participated in a community-based survey i...

BACKGROUND Estimates of asthma incidence and its possible determinants in adolescent populations have rarely been obtained using prospective designs. We sought to identify socio-demographic and other patterns in the incidence of asthma among Canadian adolescents and to examine possible behavioural and environmental determinants of asthma incidence using longitudinal analyses. METHODS We used ...

BACKGROUND There are still gaps in the knowledge regarding the damage to mucociliary and autonomous systems from passive exposure to cigarette smoke. Also, the influence of the frequency and duration of exposure on these systems is still unclear. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of passive smoking on mucociliary clearance and adult autonomic nervous systems and investigate t...

This article describes a tool that was designed to help nurses deliver health education on the subject of passive smoking. The tool is based on a Scottish study, which encouraged mothers to identify their own strategies for reducing smoking in the home in order to protect their children from being exposed to second-hand smoke. It is designed to give nurses and other health professionals who wor...

BACKGROUND There have been numerous studies on smoking habits among young adults in developed countries. Similar data from developing countries are scanty. METHODS A survey of medical students from one of the medical colleges in Pakistan assessed their smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking. In June 1993 a coded survey questionnaire was sent to each medical student at The Aga Khan Medic...

OBJECTIVE To explore the determinants of smoking behaviour in recreational venues and to provide scientific bases for establishing smoke-free measures applying to these locations. METHODS The International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey--a face-to-face cross-sectional survey of representative adult smokers from six cities (Shenyang, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changsha and Yinchuan)--wa...

Context: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular yet their effects on health remain unknown. Objective: To conduct the first comprehensive and standardized assessment of the acute impact of active and passive e-cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function, as compared to active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking. Materials and methods: Fifteen smokers ...