Mammographic density (MD), associated with higher water and lower fat content in the breast, is strongly related to breast cancer risk. Optical attenuation spectroscopy (OS) is a non-imaging method of evaluating breast tissue composition by red and near-infrared light transmitted through the breast that, unlike mammography, does not involve radiation. OS provides information on wavelength depen...

The deposition and ripening of Pd atoms on the MgO(100) surface are modeled using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The density of Pd islands is obtained by simulating the deposition of 0.1 ML in 3 min. Two sets of kinetic parameters are tested and compared with experiment over a 200–800 K temperature range. One model is based upon parameters obtained by fitting rate equations to experimental da...

Capillary force lithography was applied to generate large area polymer patterns. A "grafting to" approach was used on the patterns to induce linear assembly of Pd nanocubes through electrostatic interaction. Pd nanoarrays with high density were subjected to a hydrogen gas sensing test. We demonstrated a feasible method to build up a miniature hydrogen sensor using self-assembly with micrometre ...

Periodic density functional theory calculations were performed to address the geometric and electronic structure of a Pd/4-aminothiophenol/Au(111) metal-molecule-metal contact. In a systematic approach, we first determined the adsorption of single 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules on Au(111). Like other aromatic molecules, 4-ATP molecules adsorb preferentially at near-bridge sites in a tilted...

BACKGROUND Several in vitro studies have suggested levodopa (L-dopa) to be toxic to dopaminergic neurons and that it can modulate the aggregation process of α-synuclein. We investigated the relationship between cumulative lifetime dose of l-dopa and nigral neuronal count and Lewy body (LB) pathology in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS Density of pigmented neurons was measured unilaterally in a...

We carried out density functional theory calculations to investigate the ripening of Pd clusters on CeO2(111). Starting from stable Pd n clusters (n = 1-21), we compared how these clusters can grow through Ostwald ripening and coalescence. As Pd atoms have mobility higher than that of Pd n clusters on the CeO2(111) surface, Ostwald ripening is predicted to be the dominant sintering mechanism. P...

Patch size, isolation and quality are key factors influencing species persistence in fragmented landscapes. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of how these variables exert their effects on populations inhabiting fragmented landscapes. At which ecological scale do they have an effect (e.g., individuals versus populations) and, on which demographic parameters? Answering these questio...