Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, is an ancient perennial shrub of South America, with great potential as a crop for the production of high-power natural sweetener. Due to its chemical composition and content of the phytochemical compounds, it is suitable as a raw material for the extraction and production of functional foods. Diterpene glycosides component of low-calorie sweetener is approximately 30...

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is associated with circulating autoantibodies reactive with an antigen(s) of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of skin and mucosae. The pathogenicity of these autoantibodies, although suspected, is unconfirmed. We have investigated the effects of BP autoantibodies on a closely related tissue, the corneal epithelium of the rabbit. IgG fractions from the sera of seven patie...

Within the past century, a number of ‘‘emerging viruses’’ with pathogenic properties, such as HIV-1, SARS-CoV, and several novel reassortments of influenza A, have entered the human population on a large scale. However, novel pathogenic viral infections of humans are not unique to modern history. ‘‘Paleovirology’’ is the study of ancient extinct viruses (called ‘‘paleoviruses’’) and the effects...

abstract         background and objective: lactic acid bacteria are gram-positive, catalase-negative, nonsporulating, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that have beneficial effects on their hosts by producing antimicrobial substances such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins and biosurfactants. bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria and can inhibit ...

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease associated with arterial or venous thrombosis and/or recurrent fetal loss and is caused by pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLA). The plasma protein β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1) has been identified as a major target of aPLA associated with APS. Cell activation by aPLA appears to be a major pathogenic cause in the pathogenesis of ...

In this comprehensive article, we present an overview of some most common autoimmune antibodies believed to be potentially pathogenic for autoimmune epilepsies and elaborate their pathogenic mode of action in molecular levels based on the existing knowledge. Findings of the studies of immunemodulatory treatments for epilepsy are also discussed, and guidelines for immunotherapy are sorted out. W...

Background: Sponges and sea anemones do not have specialized defense organs. Instead, they rival harmful microorganisms by producing certain compounds. These compounds can also be useful against some human pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of bioactive products from these marine animals. Methods: Two species of sea anemone <e...

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) & zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against four pathogenic strains. ZnS&ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by simple aqueous chemical reaction in an aqueous solution. The main advantage of these nanoparticles (size of 10-30 nm) was that simply could be prepared by using cheap precursors in a cost effective and high throughput manne...

background: considering the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its association with urinary tract infection in women and treatment of gynecologic problems occur when a high recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is often treated with antibiotics. the purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus on pathogenic bacteria isolated from women with bacter...

1. Understanding the ecological factors driving the burden and pathogenicity of parasites is challenging. Indeed, the dynamics of host-parasite interactions is driven by factors organized across nested hierarchical levels (e.g. hosts, localities), and indirect effects are expected owing to interactions between levels. 2. In this study, we combined Bayesian multilevel models, path analyses and a...