[1] The concept of return period is fundamental for the design and the assessment of many engineering works. In a multivariate framework, several approaches are available to its definition, each one yielding different solutions. In this paper, we outline a theoretical framework for the calculation of return periods in a multidimensional environment, based on survival copulas and the correspondi...

1. Haemoglobin production was measured for two populations of Daphnia putex, one from a temporary pond (GR Pond) and one from a permanent pond (Rash Pond). Surface water in Rash Pond remains high in oxygen, while by late summer very Uttle oxygen remains in GR Pond. Haemoglobin synthesis was induced in the laboratory by artificial oxygen deficiency. 2. Reproductive state influenced the level of ...

Four classes of models of the lightning return stroke are reviewed. These four classes are: 1) the gas dynamic models; 2) the electromagnetic models; 3) the distributed-circuit models; and 4) the “engineering” models. Validation of the reviewed models is discussed. For the gas dynamic models, validation is based on observations of the optical power and spectral output from natural lightning. Th...

Soon after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, we studied the reproductive biology of freshwater teleost bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) in a pond in the city of Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, about 50 km south of the nuclear power plant. The breeding period of the bluegill was abbreviated and the frequency of spawning decreased...

This paper presents some analytical results and numerical illustrations on the asymptotic properties of flood peak distributions obtained through derived flood frequency approaches. It confirms and extends the results of previous works: i.e. the shape of the flood peak distributions are asymptotically controlled by the rainfall statistical properties, given limited and reasonable assumptions co...

frequency studies are, essentially, an application of the theories of probability and are based on available records of flood experiences. several methods of analysis, based on the mathematics of probabilities, have been proposed which, when applied to the same series of data, yield frequency curves which are in reasonable agreement throughout a useful range of probabilities. a widely used meth...

We apply extreme value theory (EVT) to study the daily precipitation and temperature extremes in Calabria region (southern Italy) mainly considering a long-term observational dataset (1990–2020) also investigating possible use of ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) fields. The efficiency EVT applied on available is first assessed—both through punctual statistical analysis return-level maps. Two differen...

An experiment was conducted in twelve 200-m2 earthen ponds at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, for 91 days from 11 September to 11 December 1998. The experiment was designed to determine the optimal rate of nitrogen fertilization in cool season, to determine which of the nitrogen fertilization rates evaluated to produce Nile tilapia had the greatest profitability, and to develop a f...

This study uses a systems-level modeling approach to illustrate a novel synergy between municipal wastewater treatment and large-scale algaculture for production of bio-energy, whereby algae-mediated tertiary treatment provides efficient removal of unregulated, strongly estrogenic steroid hormones from the secondary effluent. Laboratory results from previously published studies suggested that a...