A model of alcohol use based on the theory of planned behavior, expectancy theory, and the developmental literature on the influence of parents and peers was examined with 87 eleventh grade students, 105 college freshmen, and 107 college juniors. Specifically, the influence of attitudes about the positive and negative consequences of drinking, perceived parental and peer norms about alcohol con...

Understanding norms is a key challenge in sociology. Nevertheless, there is a lack of dynamical models explaining how one of several possible behaviors is established as a norm and under what conditions. Analysing an agent-based model, we identify interesting parameter dependencies that imply when two behaviors will coexist or when a shared norm will emerge in a heterogeneous society, where dif...

A wide range of behavior may be seen as destructive to online communities. Yet behavior that is ‘bad’ in one community may be celebrated in another. The work of community maintenance is therefore strongly contextual, involving complex choices due to differing norms, community cross-membership, and the need to invoke fairness. The experienced, “lived in” work of moderators; how they enact norms ...

This research examines how moral values regulate the behavior of individual group members. It argues that group members behave in line with moral group norms because they anticipate receiving ingroup respect when enacting moral values that are shared by ingroup members. Data from two experimental studies offer evidence in support. In Study 1 (N = 82), morality-based (but not competence-based) i...

Overlay networks, such as P2P, Grid, and CDN, have been widely deployed over physical IP networks. Since simultaneous overlay networks compete for network resources and their selfish behaviors disrupt each other, we consider cooperative mechanisms for overlay networks to enhance the collective performance and improve the QoS at the application level. In this paper, we proposed a cooperative mec...

Collective navigation and swarming have been studied in animal groups, such as fish schools, bird flocks, bacteria, and slime molds. Computer modeling has shown that collective behavior of simple agents can result from simple interactions between the agents, which include short range repulsion, intermediate range alignment, and long range attraction. Here we study collective navigation of bacte...

BACKGROUND Social norms influence adolescent smoking intentions, but this effect may differentiate depending on current smoking experiences. The presented study assessed the moderation effects of smoking status on the relationship between social norms and smoking intentions among Greek adolescents. METHODS A cross-section survey-based design was used. Overall, 251 Greek secondary school stude...

substance abuse, violation and sexual behavior are the main reasons of fatality in adolescents and the youth. most risky behaviors including cigarettes, alcohol, drugs and unsafe sexual contacts occur under the age of 18. traditionally, sport is regarded as a means to encourage and develop healthy behaviors and a factor to protect and prevent risky behaviors. the present study studied 406 stude...

This study examines how smallholder coffee farmers’ perceptions may influence their engagement in peer mobilization and collective action. Forty farmers were interviewed the Central Highlands region of Peru using a closed-ended instrument. The sample was achieved purposive snowball sampling methods. Quantitative data on attitudes aspirations regarding working with peers, autonomy, external supp...