An original Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) method to tackle the problem of particulate flows at moderate to high concentration and finite Reynolds number is presented. Our method is built on the framework established by Glowinski and his coworkers [1] in the sense that we use their Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain (DLM/FD) formulation and their operator-splitting idea but di...

Understanding spatiotemporal dynamics in wildlife populations is of paramount importance for their effective conservation, however longitudinal studies are relatively scarce most animal groups. Waterbirds an exception however, since midwinter surveys have been implemented areas the world over four decades. The Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus a globally threatened emblematic wetland species ...

Monitoring giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) behaviour is critical for their conservation and understanding health conditions. Currently, captive usually monitored by caregivers. In previous studies, researchers observed behaviours short time spans over a period. However, both caregivers cannot monitor them 24-h using traditional methods of observation. other words, animal data are difficult...

Abstract Background From the laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, it is common to see brown pelican ( Pelecanus occidentalis ) traveling along crests ocean waves just offshore surf-zone. When flying in this manner, birds can travel long distances without flapping, centimeters above ocean’s surface. Here we derive a theoretical framework for assessing energetic savings related beha...

Living birds represent the only extant sauropsid group in which pulmonary air sacs pneumatize the postcranial skeleton. Notable in this regard is an extraordinary degree of variability, ranging from species that are completely apneumatic to those characterized by air within the entire postcranial skeleton. Although numerous factors (e.g., body size) have been linked with "relative" pneumaticity...

Pre-construction assessments of bird collision risk at proposed wind farms are often confounded by insufficient or poor quality data describing avian flight paths through the development area. These limitations can compromise the practical value of wind farm impact studies. We used radar- and observer-based methods to quantify great white pelican flights in the vicinity of a planned wind farm o...