Trawling remains a controversial method of fishing due to the perceived lack of selectivity of the trawl net, which can result in the capture of a huge quantity and diversity of non-target species, including endangered species, and have a significant effect on the marine ecosystem (KUMAR & DEEPTHI, 2006). Trawl fishing has both direct and indirect impacts on the marine ecosystem as well as on b...

The swimming larva represents the dispersal phase of ascidians, marine invertebrates belonging to tunicates. Due its adhesive papillae, searches substrate, adheres it, and undergoes metamorphosis, thereby becoming a sessile filter feeding animal. anatomy has been described in detail few species, revealing different degree adult structure differentiation, called adultation. In solitary ascidian ...

In the colonial growth of botryllid ascidians, blastogenesis (bud formation) is a cyclical and synchronized developmental process characterized by a weekly rhythm of budding and apoptotic events. Very little is known about this cycle regulation and its control. In this study, the in vitro fate of developing buds and regressing zooids extirpated from Botryllus schlosseri colonies at different bl...

In many taxa, germline precursors segregate from somatic lineages during embryonic development and are irreversibly committed to gametogenesis. However, in animals that can propagate asexually, germline precursors can originate in adults. Botryllus schlosseri is a colonial ascidian that grows by asexual reproduction, and on a weekly basis regenerates all somatic and germline tissues. Embryonic ...