Anaemia is defi ned by the haemoglobin concentration in peripheral blood being below the normal 14 gm/dL (SD ± 2) for women, 16 gm/dL (SD ± 2) for men and 12 gm/dL (SD ± 2) for children. The number of red blood cells is also usually reduced, below the normal 4.8 × 10/mm (SD ± 0.6) for women and 5.4 × 10/mm (SD ± 0.9) for men. The haematocrit is the proportion of red blood cells in the blood – n...

Identify the red cells morphological changes (Peripheral blood smear) due to altered haematopoiesis resulting from HIV infection and the pathogenesis of red cells morphological changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood was collected in a sterile EDTA containing tube and processed following our established laboratory protocol and by universal precaution as per the guideline of Nationa...

We report an unusual case of Plasmodium vivax malaria that occurred in a 22-year-old ankylosing spondylitis patient after initiating adalimumab therapy. P. falciparum malaria was initially included as a possible differential diagnosis due to hyperparasitemia and similar features in the peripheral blood smear. The patient was successfully treated with conventional therapy for P. vivax malaria.

a 3.5 month-old girl was admitted with silvery gray hair, light  colored skin, recurrent diarrhea, chest infections, hepatosplenomegaly, episodes of pancytopenia, and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. light microscopy of hair showed characteristic large and irregular clumps of melanin in the middle of hair shaft. peripheral blood smear examination did not show giant granules in granulocytes....

cytomegalovirus is the most important pathogen affecting transplant recipients and causing significant morbidity and morbidity. the prevalence of cmv  infections in transplant recipient varies from country to country.  the aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of pcr assay for cmv  detection in patients before keratoplasty.  a total of 23 patient samples enrolled in this study...

background: atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall is characterized by local and systemic immune responses to a variety of antigens. oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxldl) is considered as an important determining factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. objective: the purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (...

The peripheral blood smear is an easy method for the diagnosis of symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. However, its efficiency in diagnosing subclinical VL remains unknown. In this study, Leishmania amastigotes were seen in blood smears from 1 of 13 HIV-1-positive individuals with subclinical VL. This shows that this procedure...