We present a case of successful implantation of a permanent pacemaker through an unusual course of a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). A young male patient presented with symptomatic bradycardia and a heart rate of 35 beats per minute. The pacing lead was introduced through the standard left subclavian vein approach and was found to pass through an unusual course that was suspected to...

tooth transplantation can be considered a valid and predictable treatment option for rehabilitating young patients with permanent teeth loss. this study presents several cases of successful autogenous tooth transplantation with a 6-9 months follow-up. tooth auto-transplantation can be considered a reasonable option for replacing missing teeth when a donor tooth is available. the auto-transplant...

The majority of patients requiring pacemakers are paced using a transvenous electrode. Difficulties may be encountered in passing the electrode wire into the heart because of anomalous venous return. Probably the most frequent anomaly is a persistent left superior vena cava and the rarest is absence of the right superior vena cava (Winter, 1954; Hudson, I965; Sherman, I963). Recent case reports...

introduction: the aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and etiology of traumatic dental injuries (tdi) in school children of the northeast of iran. the type of involved teeth, the place of injury and treatment quality as well as the relationship between tdi and anatomic predisposing factors such as overjet and lip coverage were evaluated. methods and materials: a to...