This application note describes a simple and rapid extraction procedure for pesticide residues in lemon essential oils. The method uses QuEChERS extraction and modified dispersive SPE coupled with GC/MS. Author Limian Zhao and Joan Stevens Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2850 Centerville Road Wilmington, DE 19808 USA Application Note

Contamination of drainage channels and creeks with pesticides used in rice production is of concern in south-eastern Australia. Of major concern is the herbicide molinate that is detected in over 25% of water samples. This pesticide has been the focus of researchers and environmental protection authorities due to continuing frequent detection off-farm despite improved application methods and wa...

A convenience survey of 702 certified pesticide applicators was conducted in three states to assess the use of 16 types of engineering controls and 13 types of personal protective equipment (PPE). Results showed that 8 out of 16 engineering devices were adopted by more than 50% of the respondents. The type of crop, size of agricultural operation, and the type of pesticide application equipment ...

Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which pesticides move into the hydrologic environment of intensive agricultural regions such as California's Central Valley. This study presents a spatially explicit modeling approach to extend Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM), a field-scale pesticide transport model, into basin level. The approach was applied to simulate chlorpyrifos use in t...

In different river catchments in Europe, pesticide concentrations in surface waters frequently exceed the standards, possibly resulting in negative impacts on aquatic fauna and flora. Pesticides can enter river systems both immediately after application, i.e. as a direct loss, or with some time delay due to runoff or leaching. We define a direct loss as the sum of point losses and drift losses ...

Applicators have long recognized that temperature inversions dramatically influence the behavior of pesticide material released into the atmosphere during pesticide application. This behavior can be explained in terms of the relationship between vertical atmospheric temperature gradients (stability) and atmospheric mixing (turbulence). This relationship is not intuitively obvious, but once it i...

A method to predict groundwater vulnerability to pesticide contamination on a regional scale has been developed and applied to a part of the upper Rhone river valley in Western Switzerland. Ž . Stochastic application of deterministic pesticide leaching models Monte-Carlo , along with geostatistical interpolation techniques, were used to map both vulnerability levels and uncertainŽ ties. The var...

Active surveillance of acute pesticide poisonings in a potato-growing region of highland Ecuador during 1991-1992 uncovered a rate of 171/100,000, due predominantly to occupational exposures to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Occupational exposure among agricultural workers was the most common reason for poisoning (32 male workers and 1 female worker, out of a total of 50 cases). Of t...

Most agronomic situations involve a sequence of herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide application. On the other hand, use of pesticidal combinations has become a standard practice in the production of many agricultural crops. One of the most important processes influencing the behavior of a pesticide in the environment is its degradation in soil. It is known that due to several pesticide applic...

Agricultural pesticide contamination of sediments from five Mississippi Delta oxbow lakes and their effects and bioavailablity to Hyalella azteca were assessed during a low-application season-autumn. Three reference oxbow lakes were located in the White River National Wildlife Refuge (WRNWR), Arkansas and two impaired lakes, according to the US Environmental Agency Sect. 303 (d) Clean Water Act...