M ultivesicular bodies (MVBs) are specialized endosomes that promote the degradation of membrane proteins by delivering them to lysosomes. This process is regulated by a series of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) (1). The ESCRT-0,-I, and-II complexes sequester ubiquitinated membrane proteins and recruit the ESCRT-III complex to drive the invagination and release of ca...

Many real-world analytics problems involve two significant challenges: prediction and optimization. Due to the typically complex nature of each challenge, the standard paradigm is to predict, then optimize. By and large, machine learning tools are intended to minimize prediction error and do not account for how the predictions will be used in a downstream optimization problem. In contrast, we p...

CA) reveal that DNA is synthesized when it is least likely to be hit with oxidative damage. Damaging oxidizing agents are produced by respiration. In yeast, respiration is periodic—it alternates in ‫ف‬ 40-min cycles with a stage of non-respiration called the reductive phase. This oscillation was detected decades ago, but it was never thought to be connected to cell cycle progression. Now, Kleve...

DEVELOPING a softwareintensive system is like raising a child. As Will PleasantRyan observed, both babies and code have smells, you get used to changing requirements, you have to take the long view, you can’t do it alone, and eventually you have to let go.1 I would add to Will’s most excellent simile that, although you might think you know everything up front, you certainly don’t, and therefore...

"Slime" played a brief and spectacular role in the 19th century founded by the theory of primordial slime by Ernst Haeckel. However, that substance was never found and eventually abandoned. Further scientific attention slowly began in the 1930s referring to slime as a microbial product and then was inspired by "How bacteria stick" by Costerton et al. in 1978, and the matrix material was conside...

We produced a-amylase from banana peel by Bacillus subtilis through solid state fermentation (SSF). Addition of yeast extract, corn steep liquor, sodium dodesyl sulphate (SDS) and Tween-80 enhanced the a-amylase production under preoptimized fermentation conditions. Maximum enzyme yield (10.25 U/mL) was observed at 35°C after 24 hours of SSF in growth medium containing 0.1% yeast extract, 1% co...

A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to assess the biochemical dose-response and tolerability of high-dose prenatal vitamin D3 supplementation in Dhaka, Bangladesh (23°N). Pregnant women at 27-30 weeks gestation (n = 28) were randomized to 70,000 IU once + 35,000 IU/week vitamin D3 (group PH: pregnant, higher dose) or 14,000 IU/week vitamin D3 (PL: pregnant, lower dose) until delivery. A group...

The surface properties of cationic liposomes and lipoplexes largely determine the cellular association and gene transfection efficiency. In this study, we measured the surface properties, such as zeta potentials, surface pH and hydration levels of MHAPC- and OH-Chol-lipoplexes and their cellular association, without and with the modification of biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipid-A (MEL-A) o...

Drug delivery systems are designed to achieve drug therapeutic index and enhance the efficacy of controlled drug release targeting with specificity and selectivity by successful delivery of therapeutic agents at the desired sites without affecting the non-diseased neighbouring cells or tissues. In this research, we developed and demonstrated a bio-based calcium carbonate nanocrystals carrier th...