Relationships between Payments Received and Farm Household Well-Being Government payments to farmers increased from about $7.5 billion in 1996—the year the “Freedom to Farm” bill was enacted—to over $20 billion in 1999, 2000, and 2001. This increase stemmed from a drop in agricultural prices, which spurred a dramatic growth in emergency market assistance payments and loan deficiency payments (s...

about its effectiveness will have to be high, and payers will need to be concerned about inappropriate use. Their four-year-old analysis of the factors needed for risk-sharing arrangements to succeed still rings true. Earlier this year, Aetna and Cigna signed deals with Novartis that link payments for its new heart failure medication, a valsartan–sacubitril combination (Entresto), to the hospit...

It is a pleasure to be with you this morning and to add my welcome to this very important conference on the payments system being hosted by the Federal Reserve's Payments System Development Committee. The name of the conference--The Payments System in Transition--captures not only the state of the financial services that we all use to make payments, but also the expectations of many payments sy...

BACKGROUND Corruption is the abuse or complicity in abuse, of public or private position, power or authority to benefit oneself, a group, an organisation or others close to oneself; where the benefits may be financial, material or non-material. It is wide-spread in the health sector and represents a major problem. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to systematically summarise empirical evid...

peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor for type 2 diabetes. The compound looked to be safe and efficacious from the phase 2 trial results. However, it was barely differentiated from Merck’s (Whitehouse Station, New Jersey) Januvia (sitagliptin) and AstraZeneca’s (London) and Bristol-Myers Squibb’s (Princeton, New Jersey) Onglyza (saxagliptin). The company had a partnership already announced with a specia...

In an ideal world, pharmaceuticals would serve the purpose of improving health. By offering to reward firms on the basis of their contribution to this purpose, the Health Impact Fund would stimulate innovation without impeding access through high prices. It would focus the attention of pharmaceutical innovators on the most cost-effective ways of improving global health through new medicines. Th...

Background: Health inequalitymonitoring especially in Health care financing field is very important. Hence, this study tends to assess the inequality in household's capacity to pay and out-of-pocket health carepaymentsin Tehran metropolis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2013.Thestudy population was selected by stratified cluster sampling, and they constitute the typical...

Utility theories for the de ̄nitions of cooperative games and associated solution concepts are discussed. A game with side payments needs the assumptions of transferable utility and side payments. We discuss the axioms for the transferable utility assumption and also the role of side payments for various solution concepts. We also discuss games without side payments, which do not require the ass...

Setting the scene For many years, the global approach to pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies has been informed, first and foremost, by the key differences between those systems which relied on public sector procurement and supply, and those which were based on reimbursement. The first approach was considered to be the most appropriate for developing countries. Funding for healthca...