Although corticosteroids are an effective treatment for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), many patients are dependent on or refractory to corticosteroids. This review is based on scrutinizing current literature with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and Cochrane reviews on the management of IBD refractory to corticosteroids. Based on this evidenc...

Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most frequent joint disorders, and its major symptoms are pain and physical disability. Cartilage regeneration therapies are still under development, and current treatments target pain and disability. Physical activity could be a cheap and effective therapeutic option. However, it is not yet known which types of exercise are the most beneficial, as well as its ...

Although the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines stress the importance of nonpharmacologic lipid modification interventions such as diet and exercise, the guidelines also recognize that many patients will require drug therapy to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target goals. Currently available lipid-modifying drugs include bi...

10-74 David Badesch, MD Dr. Badesch has received honoraria for service on steering committees or advisory boards (or as a consultant) to the following companies working in the area of pulmonary hypertension: Actelion/CoTherix, Gilead/Myogen, Encysive, Pfizer, Mondo-Biotech/Mondogen, Biogen IDEC, United Therapeutics/Lung Rx, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly/ICOS, Bayer, Ikaria, and Arena. He has received ...

Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most frequent joint disorders, and its major symptoms are pain and physical disability. Cartilage regeneration therapies are still under development, and current treatments target pain and disability. Physical activity could be a cheap and effective therapeutic option. However, it is not yet known which types of exercise are the most beneficial, as well as its ...

Three nicotine vaccines currently in clinical trials may offer alternatives to traditional pharmacologic smoking cessation therapy. Although the trial results are promising, these vaccines pose ethical questions and their role in clinical practice remains unclear.

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the most serious hepatorenal disorder and one of the most difficult to treat. To date, the best treatment options are those that reverse the mechanisms underlying HRS: portal hypertension, splanchnic vasodilation, and/or renal vasoconstriction. Therefore, liver transplantation is the preferred definitive treatment option. The role of other therapies is predominantl...

Evidence-Based Answer Among infants younger than 12 months diagnosed with GERD, weak evidence supports the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine H2 antagonists. Among children 12 months and older, studies have shown moderate benefit from PPIs and weak benefit from H2 antagonists for providing symptomatic relief and/or improving histologic or pH indices of disease. No serious advers...