Transport behaviour of Lu(III) across a polypropylene hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) in dihexyl ether as a carrier has been studied. The donor phase was LuCl(3) in the buffer solution consisting of 0.2 M sodium acetate at pH 2.5-5.0. A miniaturised system with a single hollow fibre has been operated in a batch mode. The concentration of...

Seamless phase II/III clinical trials combine traditional phases II and III into a single trial that is conducted in two stages, with stage 1 used to answer phase II objectives such as treatment selection and stage 2 used for the confirmatory analysis, which is a phase III objective. Although seamless phase II/III clinical trials are efficient because the confirmatory analysis includes phase II...

A fter 30 years of negative phase III trials, melanoma research turned a corner last year when a large randomized phase III trial showed that ipilimumab (Yervoy), an immune system-stimulating anti-body, prolonged survival in patients with met-astatic melanoma who had failed prior therapy. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug in March of this year for use in that patient...