PURPOSE To compare maternal and fetal effects of intravenous phenylephrine and ephedrine administration during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in high-risk pregnancies. SOURCE An extensive literature search was conducted using the US National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE search engine, Cochrane review, and Google Scholar using search terms "ephedrine and phenylephrine," "preterm and t...

Ephedrine and phenylephrine are used to treat hypotension during combined general and epidural anesthesia, and they may change anesthetic depth. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of ephedrine versus phenylephrine on bispectral index (BIS) during combined general and epidural anesthesia. After injection of ropivacaine through the epidural catheter, general anesthesia was induced wit...

BACKGROUND Most studies of hyperperfusion and hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting are based on clinical observation or meta-analyses in patients, whereas there is little corresponding fundamental research since proper animal model that can reproduce phenotype stably is not available. Therefore, we developed a rat model in which the pathophysiologic process o...

BACKGROUND How phenylephrine and ephedrine treatments affect global and regional haemodynamics is of major clinical relevance. Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (Sct(O2) )-guided management may improve postoperative outcome. The physiological variables responsible for Sct(O2) changes induced by phenylephrine and ephedrine bolus treatment in anaesthetized patients need to be defined. METHODS A...

BACKGROUND Recent studies support the use of alpha-agonists during regional anaesthesia in uncomplicated term pregnancies. We hypothesized that ephedrine and phenylephrine, administered for maternal hypotension following fetal hypoxaemia, are equal in respect of fetal outcome. METHODS At 117-132 days gestation, chronically instrumented, anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated ewes were rand...

we investigated the a,-adrenoceptor subtypes of rabbit saphenous vein which has a mixed functional population of α1 and α2 -adrenoceptors. lateral saphenous veins were obtained from male rabbits weighing 3.20-4 kg, which were killed by overdose with pentobarbitone sodium (i.v. injection). they were easily dissected out and placed in cold, oxygenated modified krebs-henselite solution (krebs). ea...

Plasma adenosine levels are elevated in cardiovascular disease including hypertension and heart failure, and the nucleoside has been proposed to serve as an endogenous antimyocardial remodeling factor. We studied the modulation of phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy by adenosine receptor activation in isolated neonatal cultured ventricular myocytes. Phenylephrine (10 muM) increased cell size by 3...

Purpose To evaluate the effect of intracameral phenylephrine/ketorolac (1%/0.3%) during cataract surgery on the use of iris fixation ring and surgical time in patients with poor pupil dilation (≤5.0 mm) or intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS). Setting Private practice outpatient surgical center. Design This retrospective analysis was conducted from January 1, 2014 to October 7, 2015. ...