In this overview paper, I will attempt to identify and describe some of the common threads that tie together work in reasoning about knowledge in such diverse fields as philosophy, economics, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and theoretical computer sciencce. I will briefly discuss some of the more recent work, particularly in computer science, and suggest some lines for future research.

Title of dissertation: EMPIRICAL ESSAYS ON THE ECONOMICS OF NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE Seth M. Freedman Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Judith K. Hellerstein Department of Economics The number of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in smaller community hospitals increased greatly during the 1980s and 1990s, attracting deliveries away from hospitals with the most sophisticate...

We study a 2004 program designed to motivate Chinese bureaucrats to reduce accidental deaths. Each province received a set of `death ceilings' that, if exceeded, would impede government o cials' promotions. For each category of accidental deaths, we observe a sharp discontinuity in reported deaths at the ceiling, suggestive of manipulation. Provinces with safety incentives for municipal o cials...

ABSTRACT The attack of the traditions political economy upon orthodox economics is directed at pillars supporting its philosophy and core deductive individualist methodology. This criticism challenges current mainstream research frontier, which includes notions ‘new’ institutional economics, among others. Recalling tradition known as ‘Other Canon’, this article criticises these theories reclaim...

Game theory as long as it is a study of interdependent rational choice, can be used to explain, to predict and evaluate human behavior in contexts where the outcome of action depends on what other agents choose to do. Game theory can be made relevant to ethics and can be used in moral and political philosophy, including economics, business and public policy areas.

The paper begins with an introduction of the Singularity Paradox, an observation that: “Superintelligent machines are feared to be too dumb to possess commonsense”. Ideas from leading researchers in the fields of philosophy, mathematics, economics, computer science and robotics regarding the ways to address said paradox are reviewed and evaluated. Suggestions are made regarding the best way to ...

This paper explores the role of communication and natural language in social systems composed of multiple autonomous agents. We summarize a number of models for language and communication with special attention on optimization and game-theoretic concepts. We draw our survey from a gamut of literature, touching on books and papers from diverse fields such as linguistics, philosophy, computer sci...

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, Social Welfare Law Commons, and the T...

A survey was carried out among two groups of undergraduate economics students and four groups of students in mathematics, law, philosophy and business administration. The main survey question involved a conflict between profit maximisation and the welfare of the workers who would be fired to achieve it. Significant differences were found between the choices of the groups. The results were reinf...

Department of Risk Management and Insurance and Center for the Economic Analysis of Risk, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA; School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Sociology and Philosophy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Center for Economic Analysis of Risk, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State Universi...