According to the literature, it is assumed that fear and anxiety are basic emotions in anxiety disorders. Many recent studies report that disgust, as well as fear, has an important role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Evaluation of the role of disgust in anxiety disorders has led the theoretical and empirical literature in a new direction, beyond the traditional emphasis o...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Modern learning theories suggest that particularly strong associative learning contributes to the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders, thus explaining why some individuals develop an anxiety disorder after a frightening (conditioning) event, whereas others do not. However, associative learning has rarely been investigated experimentally in specific phobias. T...

Cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBTs) are widely used for anxiety disorders in typically developing children; however, there has been no previous attempt to administer CBT for specific phobia (in this case study, one-session treatment) to developmentally or intellectually disabled children. This case study integrates both cognitive-behavioral and behavior analytic assessment techniques in the ...

Research suggests that distorted images of the self are common in social phobia and play a role in maintaining the disorder. The images are often linked in thematic and sensory detail to distressing memories that are clustered around the onset or worsening of the disorder. This has led to speculation about the likely benefit of working directly with these memories to improve symptoms of social ...

Exposure to feared stimuli in blood-injection-injury (BII)-phobia is thought to elicit a diphasic response pattern, with an initial fight-flight-like cardiovascular activation followed by a marked deactivation and possible fainting (vasovagal syncope). However, studies have remained equivocal on the importance of such patterns. We therefore sought to determine the prevalence and clinical releva...

objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on decreasing social phobia (sp) disorder in students with hearing impairment. methods: the sample included 30 male students, age range from 8 to 18 years with hearing impairment recruited from exceptional schools. their age and iq were matched. they were randomly assigned into experimental and contr...

social phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by heightened fear and avoidance of one or more social or performance situations, including public speaking, meeting new people, eating or writing in front of others and attending social meetings. people with social phobia are typically anxious about the possibility that others will evaluate them negatively and/or notice symptoms of their anxie...

BACKGROUND Social phobia has been characterized as a disorder of exaggerated fear of social threat and heightened sensitivity to imagery of social failure. METHODS To assess the physiological basis of this description, social phobia patients (n=75) and demographically matched control participants (n=75) imagined neutral and fearful events while acoustic startle probes were occasionally presen...

se fear of one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to the observation of others. The individual fears that he/she will behave in a way that will be humiliating. Exposure to those stimuli provokes an immediate anxiety response that can lead to the avoidance of those situations or to the endurance of them with intense anxiety (DSM-IV, APA, 1994). The clinical features of ...