black stem is one of the most important fungal diseases of sunflower which is caused by phoma macdonaldii. this research was conducted to clarify the interactions between a few breeder lines and wild-type accessions of sunflower with seven isolates of phoma macdonaldii, the causal agent, under controlled conditions. the experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three r...

BACKGROUND Rhizomania is one of the most devastating diseases of sugar beet. It is caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) transmitted by the obligate root-infecting parasite Polymyxa betae. Beta macrocarpa, a wild beet species widely used as a systemic host in the laboratory, can be rub-inoculated with BNYVV to avoid variation associated with the presence of the vector P. betae. To b...

This paper presents a study of the role of positive charge in the P(i) binding site of Escherichia coli ATP synthase, the enzyme responsible for ATP-driven proton extrusion and ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. Arginine residues are known to occur with high propensity in P(i) binding sites of proteins generally and in the P(i) binding site of the betaE catalytic site of ATP synthase s...

Phoma black stem and leaf spot disease (Phoma medicaginis) not only destroys annual Medicago spp. forage seed yield but also reduces herbage quality by consequent phytoestrogen production that ovulation of grazing animals. Two controlled environment studies evaluated the effects plant developmental stage in rugosa ‘Paraponto’ M. scutellata ‘Sava’ different inoculum concentrations P. medicaginis...

Previously, flaviolin was isolated from the blackish culture solution of Phoma wasabiae [1]. In continuation of the study on the metabolites of this mold, we have now isolated 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-l,4-benzoquinone. This benzoquinone was already synthesized [2], but has not been found as a natural product. In this paper we wish to report on the isolation of the above quinone from the...