The characteristics of Ca2+-activated ATPase activities previously often postulated as components for the calcium transporting system in fish gills do not fulfil the requirements of a transport Ca2+-ATPase. The chelation of Ca2+- or Mg2+-ions is a prerequisite for the adenosinephosphate esters to serve as substrate for gill plasma membrane phosphatases. Ca2+-activated ATP hydrolysis results fro...

Introduction Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from substrates. Phosphorylated compounds are widely distributed in living systems. They serve as storage forms for energy (e.g., ATP and phosphocreatine), as components of informational macromolecules (i.e., nucleotides and deoxynucleotides), as allosteric effectors of certain enzymes (e.g., fructose-1-6bisphosphate), and as se...

The periodicity of CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) regulates most cell cycle transitions including cytokinesis. High Cdk1 activity promotes cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell division while at the same time ensuring that cytokinesis does not begin before the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase. The conserved Cdc14 (cell division cycle 14)-family of phosphatases reverses ...

In the present study, we identified protein phosphatases dephosphorylating centrins previously phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2. The following phosphatases known to be present in the retina were tested: PP1, PP2A, PP2B, PP2C, PP5, and alkaline phosphatase. PP2C α and β were capable of dephosphorylating P-Thr(138)-centrin1 most efficiently. PP2Cδ was inactive and the other retinal phosphatas...

Forming the proper number of synapses is crucial for normal neuronal development. We found that loss of function of the phosphoinositide phosphatase mtm-6 results in a reduction in the number of synaptic puncta. The reduction in synapses is partially the result of MTM-6 regulation of the secretion of the Wnt ligand EGL-20 from cells in the tail and partially the result of neuronal action. MTM-6...

1. The characteristics of Ca2+-activated ATPase activities previously often postulated as components for the calcium transporting system in fish gills do not fulfil the requirements of a transport Ca: '-ATPase. 2. The chelation of Ca;~or Mg:~-ions is a prerequisite for the adenosinephosphate esters to serve as substrate for gill plasma membrane phosphatases. 3. Ca2+-activated ATP hydrolysis res...

protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptpases) regulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins in volved in several biological activities including cell proliferation and transformation. protein tyrosine phosphatase e (ptpe) contains duplicated ptpase-like domains and a short extracellular region. us ing the fluorescence in situ hybridization method, the gene encoding ptpe (locus symbol ptpre...

Genomic studies have revealed the presence of Ser/Thr kinases and phosphatases in many bacterial species, although their physiological roles have largely been unclear. Here we review bacterial Ser/Thr kinases (eSTKs) that show homology in their catalytic domains to eukaryotic Ser/Thr kinases and their partner phosphatases (eSTPs) that are homologous to eukaryotic phosphatases. We first discuss ...

To achieve high biological specificity, protein kinases and phosphatases often recognize their targets through interactions that occur outside of the active site. Although the role of modular protein-protein interaction domains in kinase and phosphatase signaling has been well characterized, it is becoming clear that many kinases and phosphatases utilize docking interactions - recognition of a ...

Protein phosphorylation controls many aspects of cell fate and is often deregulated in pathological conditions. Several recent findings have provided an intriguing insight into the spatial regulation of protein phosphorylation across different subcellular compartments and how this can be finely orchestrated by specific kinases and phosphatases. In this review, the focus will be placed on (i) th...