results phylogenetic analysis of the gene revealed that pakistani 1a hcv strains are in the start of third cluster and there is a difference between inter pakistani isolates at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. material and methods patient sera infected with hepatitis c virus, genotype 1a, were obtained from molecular diagnostics lab, cemb, university of the punjab lahore by using bd vacu...

a phylogenetic analysis of astragalus sect. alopecuroidei based on nrdna its as well as morphological character data is presented. a total of fifty informative morphological characters were analyzed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships for 23 taxa of the sect. alopecuroidei and two species of sect. laxiflori plus a. sieversianus and a. caryolobus as outgroups. the present analysis revealed...

the aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance genes, phylogenetic groups and anti-microbial resistance patterns of escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy pet cats in kerman city. ninety e. coli isolates were recovered from obtained rectal swabs. antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates against seven selected antibiotic was determined using disc diffusion met...

background and aims: hdv is a defective satellite virus and classified in genus deltavirus. its disease is related and limited to hbv-infected patients. acute infection of delta agent occurs in two different patterns simultaneous infection with both hbv & hdv or super infection of chronically hbv infected patients that lead to more sever type of hepatitis. according to genetic diversity of geno...

background: fasciola species are parasitic trematode with world wide distribution that infects wild and domesticated herbivores, particularly ruminants. the aim of the present study was to investigate the intra species variations of f. gigantica, from goats and buffalos isolates in two common geographic climates of iran. methods: fasciola species were collected from goat, buffalo, sheep, and ca...