Characteristics of the physical environment that influence child development are discussed. Topics include behavioral toxicology, noise, crowding, housing and neighborhood quality, natural settings, schools, and day care settings. Socioemotional, cognitive, motivation, and psychophysiological outcomes in children and youths are reviewed. Necessary methodological and conceptual advances are intr...

Scientific evidence demonstrates, in different degrees for developing and developed countries, that physical activity is associated with substantial health, economic, and societal benefits. However, for varying environmental, social, and individual reasons, people do not tend to engage in the levels of physical activity that would be beneficial to them. Environmental and policy interventions ho...

Introduction Linear or Distance growth Growth Velocity or Rate of Growth Stages of Growth Prenatal Period Postnatal Period Infancy Childhood Adolescence Hormonal Basis of Adolescence Physiological Changes Maturity The Skeletal Maturity Dental Maturity Shape Age Senescence Theories of ageing Overview of postnatal growth: Scammon’s curves Factors affecting growth and development Genetic control E...

This paper introduces recent developments in the Chronus series, a family of custom built controllers that afford a performer gestural interaction with surround sound systems, and that can be easily integrated into their personal performance systems. The controllers are built with the goal of encouraging more electronic musicians to include the creation of dynamic pantophonic sound fields in pe...

Although evidence is accumulating which suggests a causal relationship between undernutrition and poor development in young children (Simeon & GranthamMcGregor, 1990; Pollitt et al. 1993), the mechanism linking the two remains unclear. One hypothesis is that lack of dietary energy leads to reduced activity levels, which in turn leads to reduced exploration and subsequently results in developmen...

Although evidence is accumulating which suggests a causal relationship between undernutrition and poor development in young children (Simeon & GranthamMcGregor, 1990; Pollitt et al. 1993), the mechanism linking the two remains unclear. One hypothesis is that lack of dietary energy leads to reduced activity levels, which in turn leads to reduced exploration and subsequently results in developmen...

second. The physical layer The engineering development of FDDI-the topic of this of the FDDI physical layer paper connects many resulted in the delivery of stations, each of which components, specifications, may transmit information and protocols. The to any other station in the development presented new network. As in other LANs, design problems related to packets of user data are the technolo...

This research explores the links between physical development and transportation infrastructure around Kumasi, Ghana. It utilizes census data as well as fieldwork and interviews carried out during July and December 2005. The results suggest that there is a weak association between transportation investments and physical development, and that recent housing has generally occurred in poorly acces...

The aim of the paper was to asses the relationship between socioeconomic status, the prevalence of allergy and physical development. The data were obtained from 478 female students and 195 male students aged 19-24. The prevalence of allergy in the group surveyed was 14.6% (14.6% in women and 14.4% in men). Allergic diseases were more frequent in students of high socioeconomic status. The result...

Although evidence is accumulating which suggests a causal relationship between undernutrition and poor development in young children (Simeon & GranthamMcGregor, 1990; Pollitt et al. 1993), the mechanism linking the two remains unclear. One hypothesis is that lack of dietary energy leads to reduced activity levels, which in turn leads to reduced exploration and subsequently results in developmen...