Processes associated with plasma self-organization in tokamaks are presented the possible logical sequence. The resulting picture of physical processes self-organized plasmas is predicted based on nonrequiibrium thermodynamic approach, which uses Smoluchowski-type equation for energy balance. magnetized leads to formation universal MHD structure, where normalized pressure profiles similar. Fina...

Auger electron spectroscopy and thermoresistive methods are used to study the physical processes leading gas cooling of heated molybdenum filaments in a wide temperature range 350-1300 K pressures 760-10 -3 Torr, corresponding operating Pirani-type vacuum sensor. Nitrogen was as gas. It is shown that nitrogen atoms chemisorbed on surface do not contribute cooling, which occurs only due physisor...

Abstract Recently, El Niño diversity has been paid much attention because of its different global impacts. However, most studies have focused on a single warm peak in sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), either the central Pacific or eastern Ocean. Here, we demonstrate from observational analyses that several recent events show double peaks SSTA—called “double-peaked (DP) Niño”—that only ...

Are colors objective or subjective? Are they properties, processes, or events of the physical world or, instead, of the perceiving subject? This question has been debated at least since the time of Galileo and remains unsettled to this day. Evidence from computational and psychophysical studies of vision has not decided the issue, with both objectivists and subjectivists claiming that the evide...