OBJECTIVES To evaluate the appropriate use of child safety restraints (CSR) in black and white children. DESIGN Cross sectional, observational study of drivers of children age 0-10 years involving an on-site vehicle and CSR inspection and brief driver interview. RESULTS Data were obtained on 244 white and 204 black children; results were stratified by race due to effect modification of race...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated how the precursors of interpersonal self-efficacy and weight/shape self-efficacy would interact in the face of interpersonal stress to prospectively predict dietary restraint. Three models were explored, each with a different type of interpersonal stress: stress from same sex friendships, opposite sex friendships, or romantic relationships. METHOD At Time 1 (...

OBJECTIVE Research examining the relationship between dietary restraint and vegetarianism has yielded inconsistent results due to differing definitions of vegetarianism and the possible modifying role of feminist identity. The current study sought to further clarify these relationships by examining three levels of vegetarianism, motivation for vegetarianism, and feminist identity (using an upda...

The use of deadly force by law enforcement personnel is a hot-button issue in contemporary society. Their responsibility is to handle life-threatening situations while, as much as possible, avoiding fatalities or serious injuries of suspects, bystanders, or themselves. In these settings, the use of lethal weapons must be weighed against reactions to circumstances that do not pose an imminent th...

T WAS OBSERVED in this laboratory that in I a closed chamber containing a man the pressure increases on inspiration due to the wetting and warming of the air. It was suggested to the author that this principle might serve as a method for the measurement of respiration in small animals where it is difficult to make use of masks and where immobilization by anesthetics or by physical restraint is ...

Aggression is reportedly common among older people with dementia in residential care. The attitudes of staff in care homes and strategies they use are under researched. Theoretical models that may be used to both understand and respond to such behaviour exist. They are the standard and person-centred paradigms. The aim of this study was to explore the views of nursing staff about aggressive beh...

PURPOSE This study investigated the attitudes of parents toward behavior management techniques used during dental treatment of children. METHODS One hundred and four parents who accompanied their children to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine in Jerusalem, Israel, participated in the study. The techniques for managing the childr...

Policy and practice in the safe management of disturbed and violent behavior as applied in USA and UK correctional facilities is examined in this article. Certain differences emerge and are discussed, particularly relating to physical restraint. The paucity of evidence to support particular interventions is highlighted through a review of a UK systematic analysis of world literature on best pra...

BACKGROUND Physical restraints are regularly applied in German nursing homes. Their frequency varies substantially between centres. Beneficial effects of physical restraints have not been proven, however, observational studies and case reports suggest various adverse effects. We developed an evidence-based guidance on this topic. The present study evaluates the clinical efficacy and safety of a...