PURPOSE Previous results suggest that retinal neurons are infected early during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of the inner retina. The purposes of this study were to identify which retinal neurons are infected and to determine the routes by which MCMV spreads in the retina. METHODS Immunosuppressed (IS) BALB/c mice were inoculated with 5 x 10(3) PFU of MCMV (k181) through the suprac...

Neurons in the primary auditory cortex A1 unitize multidimensional receptive activation fields, which respond to specific frequency bands and timing patterns of the input signal. Such ‚spectro-temporal receptive fields’ (STRF) can experimentally be determined by reverse correlation methods if the activation or output signal patterns of the neurons are known. This seems impossible for neurons in...

r is called commuting regular ring (resp. semigroup) if for each x,y $in$ r thereexists a $in$ r such that xy = yxayx. in this paper, we introduce the concept of commuting$pi$-regular rings (resp. semigroups) and study various properties of them.

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), also known as equine Cushing’s disease, is the most common endocrinopathy of older horses, affecting 20-30% of horses over the age of 20. It develops as a consequence of degeneration of hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons that regulate (by tonic inhibition) the pituitary gland, specifically the pars intermedia (PI) that is entirely composed of a singl...

Neurons are highly polarized cells, most of which develop a single axon and several dendrites. These two compartments acquire specific characteristics that enable neurons to transmit intercellular signals from several dendrites to an axon. A wealth of recent studies has shown that PI 3-kinase, Rho family GTPases, the Par complex, and cytoskeleton-related proteins participate in the initial even...

Proper development of the CNS axon-glia unit requires bi-directional communication between axons and oligodendrocytes (OLs). We show that the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is required in neurons and in OLs for normal CNS myelination. In mice, mutations of Fig4, Pikfyve or Vac14, encoding key components of the PI(3,5)P2 biosynthetic complex, each lead to impai...

23 Piezo2 ion channels are critical determinants of the sense of light touch in vertebrates. Yet, their 24 regulation is only incompletely understood. We recently identified myotubularin related protein-2 25 (Mtmr2), a phosphoinositide (PI) phosphatase, in the native Piezo2 interactome of murine dorsal 26 root ganglia (DRG). Here, we demonstrate that Mtmr2 attenuates Piezo2-mediated rapidly ada...

The neurotransmitter glutamate, in addition to activating ligand-gated ion channels, also stimulates phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis in neurons by activating a group of G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A role for mGluRs in synaptic plasticity originally was hypothesized based on the observation that the developmental decline in glutamate-stimulated PI turnover is we...

Title: 1 The mechanism of ethanol action on midbrain dopaminergic neuron firing: a 2 dynamic-clamp study of the role of Ih and GABAergic synaptic integration 3 4 Authors: Takashi Tateno and Hugh P. C. Robinson 5 Affiliation: 6 1) PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan. 7 2) Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambr...