The possible interrelation between male reproductive disorders and iris pigmentation is poorly understood. We have found a link between eye colour and the existence of adolescent varicocele. Therefore, we aimed to extend our investigation on the relationship between the eye colour and varicocele in adult men. 231 andrology outpatients from Caucasian origin were included in the study. The presen...

Carney complex is a multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome that affects the adrenal cortex, the pituitary and thyroid glands, and the gonads. The complex is also associated with skin and mucosa pigmentation abnormalities and myxoid and other neoplasms of mesenchymal and neural crest origin. Thus, this syndrome also belongs to another group of genetic disorders, the lentiginoses (or lentige...

background although, melasma is most prevalent among asian young women, and also darkly pigmented individuals are particularly prone to developing post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, to the best of our knowledge, there are rare or no studies about the association of melasma and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. results we found out that 24.1% of patients without melasma had post-acne pigmen...

Skin pigmentation is a natural phenomenon that plays an important part in the appearance and biology of all animals, including humans. The process melanogenesis, which results formation pigment melanin within melanocytes, determines skin colour. This controlled by both inherent external factors. Tyrosinase catalyzes essential step melanogenesis; dysfunction tyrosinase leads to reduce synthesis ...

Background: Hypopigmentary skin disorders are the most worrisome complaints from Indian and subcontinent people. Pityriasis alba (PA), polymorphic light eruption (PLE), vitiligo clinically look-alike conditions commonly seen in children. Objectives: We attempted to characterize dermoscopic features of PA PLE differentiate them facial region color. Methods: Dermoscopic evaluation was done using ...

Time is an important parameter in behaviour, especially when synchronization with external events is required. To evaluate the nature of the association between perception and action timing, this study introduced pitch accented tones during performance of a sensorimotor tapping task. Furthermore, regularity of the pacing cues was modified by small (subliminal) or large (conscious) timing pertur...

the kidney of camel is known to play a vital role in water conservation through the production of highly concentrated urine that may predispose animal to varieties of renal dysfunction. in camels renal disorders have received lesser attention in comparison with other animals, thus there is shortage of information in this area. the present study was conducted on 100 slaughtered camels (camelus d...

Multiple exposures to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are the norm in nature and phototherapy. However, studies of the kinetics of pigmentation following UVA exposure have included only fair-skinned persons. The aim of this study was to investigate steady-state pigmentation and fading in 12 Scandinavians and 12 Indians/Pakistanis after 6 and 12 exposures on the back using broadband UVA and UVA1 wit...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. It also causes pigmentation of oral mucosa. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of smoking on lip and gingival pigmentation and periodontal status and the relationship between pigmentation and periodontal parameters. METHODS A total of 109 smokers and an equal number of non-smoker controls (mean a...

In Drosophila melanogaster, the protein product of the yellow gene is necessary for normal pigmentation and male sexual behavior. Although one of the best characterized loci from a genetic standpoint, the function of the Yellow protein in the development of either phenotype is unknown. Here I propose that Yellow acts as a growth factor- or hormone-like molecule in the development of pigmentatio...