11 The Orapa Diamond Mine (Republic of Botswana) exposes a bi-lobate kimberlite 12 pipe that erupted during the Late-Cretaceous epoch (∼93 Ma) through Archaean 13 basement and volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup. Geological map14 ping of the crater zone of the South Pipe has revealed a 15–25 m thick in-situ 15 kimberlite pyroclastic flow deposit. The pyroclastic deposit fills in t...

It has been well established that heat transfer in a helical coil is higher than that in a corresponding straight pipe. However, the detailed characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer inside helical coil is not available from the present literature. This paper brings out clearly the variation of local Nusselt number along the length and circumference at the wall of a helical pipe. Movemen...

Worldwide declines in riverine fish abundance and diversity have been linked to the fragmentation of aquatic habitats through the installation of instream structures (e.g. culverts, dams, weirs and barrages). Restoring riverine connectivity can be achieved by remediating structures impeding fish movements by, for example, replacing smooth substrates of pipe culverts with naturalistic substrates...

The flow velocity distribution in partially-filled circular pipe was investigated in this paper. The velocity profile is different from full-filled pipe flow, since the flow is driven by gravity, not by pressure. The research findings show that the position of maximum flow is below the water surface, and varies with the water depth. In the region of near tube wall, the fluid velocity is mainly ...

The flow of a viscous fluid along a curving pipe of fixed radius is driven by a pressure gradient. For a generally curving pipe it is the fluid flux which is constant along the pipe and so I correct fluid flow solutions of Dean (1928) and Topakoglu (1967) which assume constant pressure gradient. When the pipe is straight, the fluid adopts the parabolic velocity profile of Poiseuille flow; the s...