The pistachio (Pistacia.vera) belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. Plants of this family are trees or shrubs (broadleaf) and in total comprising 75 genera and 600 species. This species is found in arid and semi-arid regions, located in the northeast of Iran. Many algorithms have been investigated for tree delineation and identification, in order to assist human operators in the information expl...

Aflatoxins, carcinogenic toxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, contaminate maize, peanuts, and tree nuts in many regions of the world. Pistachios are the main source of human dietary aflatoxins from tree nuts worldwide. Over 120 countries have regulations for maximum allowable aflatoxin levels in food commodities. We developed social network models to analyze the association between nations' af...

OBJECTIVES Stillbirth is an undesirable outcome of pregnancy. In light of the increasing use of pesticides and growing concerns about the possible health effects of agricultural pesticides, we investigated the effect of exposure to pistachio pesticides on stillbirth in pregnant mothers. METHODS This case-control study was conducted in Rafsanjan, Iran from 2011 to 2012. A total of 125 females ...

The percentage of world shrimp production in Central America is only about 7% (Rosenberry, 1994), but the industry is important to local economies. In Honduras, over $70 million was generated by shrimp culture in 1994 placing the industry third in national export earnings. Sustainability of the industry is economically critical, and could depend on estuarine water quality. A 2-yr baseline of wa...

The dairy and meat processing sectors are significant contributors to the Australian economy. It generates employment and export earnings. For example, processed dairy and meat products accounted for 35 per cent of total food exports in 2000. Hence, the growth of the dairy and meat processing sectors is an important issue for Australia. The dairy and meat processing sectors grew annually by 1.4...

We analyze the changes in earnings of paid workers (wage earners) in rural India from 2004/05 to 2011/12. Real earnings increased at all percentiles, and the percentage increase was larger at the lower end. Consequently, earnings inequality declined. Recentered influence function decompositions show that throughout the earnings distribution, except at the very top, both changes in “worker chara...

ORIGIN AND HISTORY The pistachio is native to western Asia and Asia Minor, where it is still found growing wild in numerous hot, dry locations in Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Iran, Iraq, India, Southern Europe and the desert countries of Asia and Africa. It was introduced to Europe at the beginning of the Christian era. The first pistachio introductions to the United States were by the USDA plant...

The earnings replacement rates of retired couples, which take into account the earnings and benefits of wives, are important for assessing the adequacy of social security benefits. Using data from the Social Security Administration’s longitudinal Retirement History Study, this article presents the first view of replacement rates for couples. The findings show that, though about half the wives c...

Temporary workers make up a sizeable part of the labor force in many countries, including Korea. This paper uses an extension of a standard efficiency wage model to explain the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers. Temporary workers have a chance to become permanent; this possibility – combined with the existence of an employment rent for permanent workers – gives short-term workers...