This paper analyses the scope for collusive behaviour within the context of an international duopoly supergame in which both firms and monopoly labour unions interact strategically. We find that the presence of unions, implying an endogenisation of production costs, dramatically alters the incentives for inter-firm collusion. There are, however, strong incentives for the unions to collude, rais...

We consider a heavy piston in an infinite cylinder surrounded by ideal gases on both sides. The piston moves under elastic collisions with gas atoms. We assume here that the gases always exert equal pressures on the piston, hence the piston remains at the so called mechanical equilibrium. However, the temperatures and densities of the gases may differ across the piston. In that case some earlie...

The purpose of this paper is to estimate models for retail price of gasoline based on the prediction deriving from the recent infinitely repeated game theories, supergame theories. The prediction implies that both the future changes and the unexpected shock in the economic environment, where firms faces, do have an impact on the current retail price of gasoline. Using monthly time series data o...

We propose a bargaining process supergame over the strategies to play in a non-cooperative game. The agreement reached by players at the end of the bargaining process is the strategy profile that they will play in the original non-cooperative game. We analyze the subgame perfect equilibria of this supergame, and its implications on the original game. We discuss existence, uniqueness, and effici...

Using a symmetric 2-person prisoners’ dilemma as the base game, each player receives a signal for the number of rounds to be played with the same partner. The actual number of rounds (the length of the supergame) is determined by the maximal signal where each player expects the other’s signal to be smaller, respectively larger, by a fixed number of rounds with 50% probability. In the tradition ...

The regulatory Lines/Drumstick/Bowl gene network is implicated in the integration of patterning information at several stages during development. Here, we show that during Drosophila wing development, Lines prevents Bowl accumulation in the wing primordium, confining its expression to the peripodial epithelium. In cells that lack lines or over-expressing Drumstick, Bowl stabilization is respons...

Intraoperative autotransfusion is used in a variety of surgical procedures with the quantity of blood loss dependent upon numerous factors. These procedures may or may not produce a full autotransfusion bowl. The inadequate removal of contaminants has been correlated to the incomplete filling of bowls, resulting in a condition called "Salvaged Blood Syndrome." The purpose of this study was to a...

BACKGROUND To construct a sophisticated three-dimensional framework, numerous modifications have been reported in the literature. However, most surgeons have paid little attention to the anatomical configuration of the concha and more to its deepness and hollowness, leading to unsatisfactory outcomes. METHODS For a configuration of the concha that is definitely anatomical, the author further ...

By theoretically analyzing dynamic behavior of the crankshaft, the rolling piston and the blade inrolling-piston rotary compressors, constraint forces and sliding speed at each pair of movable machine elements were obtained, and unbalanced inertia forces and compressor vibrations were evaluated. It was concluded that theoretical results have a goodagreement with experimental ones. Moreover, it ...