................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES ...........................................

Indentation tests at scales on the order of one micron have shown that measured hardness increases signi_cantly with decreasing indent size\ a trend at odds with the size!independence implied by conventional plasticity theory[ In this paper\ strain gradient plasticity theory is used to model materials undergoing small!scale indentations[ Finite element implementation of the theory as it pertain...

One of the new research fields in plasticity is related to choosing a proper non-associated flow rule (NAFR), instead of the associated one (AFR), to predict the experimental results more accurately. The idea of the current research is derived from combining von Mises and Tresca criteria in the places of yield and plastic potential surfaces in rate-independent plasticity.  This idea is implemen...

THE STUDY OF SEOW ET AL., “Series-to-parallel transition in the filament lattice of airway smooth muscle” (9), in this issue of the Journal of Applied Physiology provides an opportunity for us to review the status of the plasticity theory, which Seow and colleagues published 5 years ago (8). Plasticity may be regarded as deviation of muscle force or shortening behavior from that mandated by sta...

In the preceding paper, we developed an athermal shear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory of amorphous plasticity. Here we use this theory in an analysis of numerical simulations of plasticity in amorphous silicon by Demkowicz and Argon (DA). In addition to bulk mechanical properties, those authors observed internal features of their deforming system that challenge our theory in important ways. W...

It has not been a simple matter to obtain a sound extension of the classical J2 flow theory of plasticity that incorporates a dependence on plastic strain gradients and that is capable of capturing size-dependent behaviour of metals at the micron scale. Two classes of basic extensions of classical J2 theory have been proposed: one with increments in higher order stresses related to increments o...

Short title: Non-classical plasticity theories and generalized normality. A simple way to define the flow rules of plasticity models is the assumption of generalized normality associated with a suitable pseudo-potential function. This approach, however, is not usually employed to formulate endochronic theory and non-linear kinematic (NLK) hardening rules as well as generalized plasticity models...

We simulate the induction and maintenance of late long-term potentiation (L-LTP) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus by means of a new synaptic plasticity rule that is the result of combination of the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) and the moving LTD/LTP threshold yM from the Bienenstock, Cooper and Munro (BCM) theory of synaptic plasticity. We propose the activity-dependent functional e...

Children vary in the extent to which their development is shaped by particular experiences (e.g. maltreatment, social support). This variation raises a question: Is there no single level of plasticity that maximizes biological fitness? One influential hypothesis states that when different levels of plasticity are optimal in different environmental states and the environment fluctuates unpredict...

Host resistance consists of defences that limit pathogen burden, and can be classified as either adaptations targeting recovery from infection or those focused upon infection avoidance. Conventional theory treats avoidance as a fixed strategy which does not vary from one interaction to the next. However, there is increasing empirical evidence that many avoidance strategies are triggered by exte...