Objective. To reflect new information on the typical anatomy of neck in brief notes for endocrine surgeons from classical positions and research methods school Academician V.N. Shevkunenko.
 Materials methods. The design study (from 1994 to present day) consisted three main directions. While developing an optimal technique cervical somatometry, 775 healthy individuals (300/38.7 % men, 475/...

The lower respiratory tract of sheep was studied to determine the torsion and branching bronchial tree. system ruminants all living organisms is one most important organs in body that controls amount gas exchange between heart lungs through airways, it clear consists a narrow tube reaches extent lung tissue repercussions. He used silicon, water, acid, at room temperature, substance injected wit...

The atlanto-occipital joint is composed of the superior fossa lateral masses atlas (C1) and occipital condyles. Congenital Atlanto-occipital fusion (AOF) involves osseous union base occiput (C0) (C1). AOF or occipitalization/assimilation represents a craniovertebral junction malformation (CVJM) which can be accompanied by other cranial spinal malformations. may asymptomatic patients experience ...

Body Worlds, the international plastination phenomenon, has proved immensely popular with audiences worldwide. Never before has the human body been exposed to public gaze in such an accessible and intriguing manner. Dissected body parts feature alongside whole-body plastinates with their life-like poses ranging from those with Renaissance motifs to others with highly contemporary themes. Howeve...

In general, heart specimens for anatomic study are dissected to Visualize the coronary arteries and/or myocardium. To study the cardiac valves, the dissection is performed in a way that permits Visualization of the valves and their relationship to each other and adjacent structures. In either case, it is difficult to make permanent specimens, free of fixatives for safe handling, that remain ope...

The exact knowledge of the topographical anatomy is not only a pre-requisite but also facilitates accurate clinical diagnosis during MRI, CT and ultrasonography. It becomes more fascinating if the anatomical specimen being used to study is dry, odourless, non toxic and not a wet specimen with formalin fumes. Such specimens can be procured by using a novel processing technique called plastinatio...

The existence of “transitional muscular structures” between subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers) and ventricular working muscle fibers (WF) was first described by the German anatomist, Kurt Goerttler, in 1964. He designated them as “subendocardial nucleus organs.” supposed such functioned mechanoreceptors, controlling intensity contraction musculature. Brazilian anatomist Ferraz de...