introduction the nasolabial flap (nlf) has many advantages in oromaxillary reconstruction, but the majority of cases are reconstructions after pathologic resections. its usage in trauma surgery, especially in the management of gunshot wounds, is rarely mentioned. case presentation three cases involving gunshot injuries to the face are presented: one for reconstruction of the nasal ala, another ...

smoking has been shown to be a complicating factor in normal wound healing. both nicotine and carbon monoxide adversely affect multiple stages of the healing process. from 1991 to 1999,407 muscle flap procedures were performed on 374 patients in a single surgical unit. a retrospective review of 261 patients was completed. patients were divided into three groups: group a, no smoking history grou...

Introduction: Reconstruction of intraoral soft tissue defects is important in restoring function and esthetic. In large defects, there will be demand for regional pedicle flaps or free flaps. Hard palate separates nasal and oral cavities. Due to the small surface area between flap and remaining palate after surgical resections, optimal blood supply of the flaps for hard palate reconstructions ...

BACKGROUND Injuries of the marginal mandibular nerve (MMN) of the facial nerve result in paralysis of the lower lip muscle depressors and an asymmetrical smile. Nerve reconstruction, when possible, is the method of choice; however, in cases of long nerve gaps or delayed nerve reconstruction, conventional nerve repairs may be difficult to perform or may provide suboptimal outcomes. Herein, we in...

despite all modern surgical techniques, skin flap that is considered as the main method in most reconstructive surgeries puts the skin tissue at danger of necrosis and apoptosis derived from ischemia. therefore, finding a treatment for decreasing the apoptosis derived from flap ischemia will be useful in clinic. in present study, we evaluated the effect of azelaic acid 20% and finasteride on ex...

Neck aesthetics are a vital and indispensable component of cervicofacial beauty. Cosmetic deformities may be due to congenital or acquired etiologies successful management depends on accurately diagnosing the underlying anatomical problems applying appropriate surgical non-surgical procedures achieve desired result. For clinical evaluation treatment, neck anatomy conceptualized into three layer...

background: skin flap grafting is a popular approach for reconstruction of critical skin and underlying soft tissue injuries. in a previous study, we demonstrated the beneficial effects of two 5α-reductase inhibitors, azelaic acid and finasteride, on tissue survival in a rat model of skin flap grafting. in the current study, we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide and inducible nitric o...