This study aims to explore the role of water retention behaviour in track degradation transition zone by examining influence content variation. A model railway bridge approach was built PLAXIS 3D simulate under diverse scenarios. wedge-shaped backfill with unbound granular material (UGM) simulated as a technical solution between abutment and open track. The most distinctive characteristic is th...

Tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. The predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. The commonly used Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

Multi-belled piles are with enlarged ends; these have one or further bells at the lower third part of pile. These suitable for many soils problems such as softening clay, variation groundwater table, expansive soils, black cotton soil, and loose sand. The current study reviewed behavior belled in multi-layer subjected to axial compression pullout loading. review covered experimental theoretical...


 Excavation and embankment work on toll roads is a routine due to the difference of elevation between road ground existing. This paper will discuss slope stability during earth works at Cibitung - Cilincing Toll Road Project since there are lot excavation works. The has be analyzed determine safety factor (SF). On this paper, STA 6+475 reinforced by geotextile system. calculated using bef...