Duverger’s propositions concerning the psychological and mechanical consequences of electoral rules have previously been examined mainly through the lens of district magnitude, comparing the properties of single-member district plurality elections with those of multimember proportional representation elections. The empirical consequences of multimember plurality (MMP) rules, on the other hand, ...

Classical methods for the study of bacterial pathogens have proven to be inadequate to inform with respect to chronic infections including those associated with arthroplasties. Modern methods of analysis have demonstrated that bacterial growth patterns, ecology, and intra-species heterogeneity are more complex than were envisioned by early microbiologists. Cultural methods were developed to stu...

Abstract We introduce a new condition for social choice functions, called “equal treatment of congruent distributions.” It requires some invariance between two preference profiles that share type congruity property with respect to the associated distributions votes. also implies equal conditions: one is natural weakening anonymity , which most standard individuals, and other neutrality alternat...

Intercultural communication is one of the primary fields that can deconstruct and unsettle historical contemporary power structures. However, demands for decolonizing field warrant thoughtful self-critical appraisal how interculturality theory may fail to fulfill its inherent premises, e.g. equality, problematization international relations, reconciliation among cultures ensuring smooth functio...

Goldman [Transportation Science 5 (1971), 212–221] proved the classical result on how to find the medians for a set of clients in a tree using majority rule. Here the clients are located at vertices of the tree, and a median is a vertex in the tree that minimizes the sum of the distances to the locations of the clients. The majority rule can be rephrased as the Majority Strategy: if we are at v...

Melodic similarity is a much-researched topic. While there are some common paradigms and methods, there is no single emerging model. The different means by which melodic similarity has been studied are briefly surveyed and contrasts drawn between them which lead to important differences in the light of the finding that similarity is dependent on context. Models of melodic similarity based on re...