The pressure drop and conveying stability caused by the bend significantly affect pneumatic process of stiff shotcrete, which is key to solving problem long-distance transportation. In this paper, effects different air velocities (32 m/s, 36 40 m/s), water-cement ratios (0.1, 0.2, 0.3), bending-diameter (4, 12, 20) on elbow R1 R2 are studied using response surface method. characterized variatio...