Background: We have noticed a high incidence of postoperative agitation (POA) following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), we reviewed our anesthesia protocol and designed this study. The present study investigated the possible contributing factors in the development of POA in adults, by avoiding these factors postoperative agitation can

Different but partially overlapping hypotheses have been developed to predict the allocation of phenolics in elevated atmospheric CO(2). The carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis predicts increased allocation to phenolics due to reduced relative availability of nitrogen. The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis states that allocation will depend on source and sink strength, while the protein ...

Gonadal steroids masculinize and defeminize neuroendocrine development, including behavior. Defeminization makes males less sensitive than females to estrogen for showing female sexual behavior and cyclic gonadotropin secretion. Masculinization makes males more sensitive than females to estrogen for showing male sexual behavior. Thus masculinization and defeminization produce opposite effects o...

We have shown previously that norepinephrine (NE) microdialyzed into the preoptic area (POA) of conscious guinea pigs stimulates local PGE(2) release. To identify the cyclooxygenase (COX) isozyme that catalyzes the production of this PGE(2) and the adrenoceptor (AR) subtype that mediates this effect, we microdialyzed for 6 h NE, cirazoline (alpha(1)-AR agonist), and clonidine (alpha(2)-AR agoni...

The present study investigated 1) the importance of the aromatization process during the perinatal period for the development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (SDN-POA) of male rats, and 2) the relationship between SDN-POA volume and parameters of masculinization in male rats that were treated perinatally with the aromatase-inhibitor ATD. Males were tre...

Muscarinic receptors types 1 (m1AChR) and 2 (m2AChR) in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus areas (POA-AHA) were counted, and the effects of blocking these receptors on spontaneous ovulation were analysed throughout the rat oestrous cycle. Rats in each phase of the oestrous cycle were assigned to the following experiments: (1) an immunohistochemical study of the number of cells expressing m1...

The genetics of native plants influence the success of ecological restoration, yet genetic variability of local seed collections and commercial seed releases remains unclear for most taxa. Poa secunda, a common native grass species in Intermountain West grasslands and a frequent component of restoration seed mixes, is one such species. Here, we evaluate the genetic variation of local Poa secund...

Previous research has shown that voicing can influence the perception of consonant place of articulation (POA) in audiovisual (AV) speech perception, although findings are inconsistent and often differ with the use of background noise. The prediction in the current study was that the AV perception of voiced and voiceless stop consonant POA is influenced by the differences in spectral distributi...