When the US federal government first began regulating major sources of air pollution in the 1960s, the conventional approach to meeting air quality standards involved establishing maximum emissions rates or technology based standards for regulated stationary sources. However, economists have long maintained that an emissions permit market could more efficiently coordinate pollution abatement ac...

Detailed on-line measurements of city air quality are necessary to support compliance with air quality standards and emission strategy developments and to inform both policy makers and the general public in a timely manner. Current approaches to pollution monitoring, however, rely on very small numbers of stationary nodes. Providing detailed air quality information is a particularly hard challe...

This work investigates the potential of combining the outputs of multiple low-cost sensor technologies for the direct measurement of spatio-temporal variations in phenomena that exist at the interface between our bodies and the environment. The example used herein is the measurement of personal exposure to traffic pollution, which may be considered as a function of the concentration of pollutan...

Submerged arc welding contributes to approximately 10% of the total welding. Approximately 10% -15% of the flux gets converted into very fine particles termed as flux dust before and after welding, due to transportation and handling. If welding is performed without removing these very fine particles from the flux, the gases generated during welding are not able to escape, thus it may result int...

We use an evolutionary game model to study the interplay between corporate environmental compliance and enforcement promoted by the policy maker in a country facing a pollution trap, i.e., a scenario in which the vast majority of firms do not internalize their pollution negative externality and auditors do not inspect firms. The game conflict is due to the trade-off in which firms are better-of...

Contrary to the general trend of only a few actual trades occurring within point-nonpoint source water quality trading programs in the United States, two trading projects in the Minnesota River Basin, created under the provisions of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, have generated five major trades and numerous smaller ones. In this paper, these two projects are d...

Air pollution and quality monitoring is extremely important in today’s world as it has a direct impact on human health. Air pollution is on the rise due to a number of anthropogenic activities and its monitoring is of vital importance to mitigate certain measures to control it. In this paper we put forward a low-cost and low-power sensor based system for air quality monitoring. This sensor base...

A rapid increase in mining industries associated with an increase in lead demand has resulted in the problem of lead poisoning. In this study, the initial causes of lead pollution were investigated. The results suggest that soil pollution from lead did not occur in urban and agricultural areas due to the efforts of decreased lead use and an increase in recycling; however, serious pollution loca...

The objective of this study was to analyse the productivity cost savings associated with mitigation of particulate emissions, as an input to a cost-benefit analysis. Reduced emissions of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) may reduce the incidence of diseases related to air pollution and potentially increase productivity as a result of better health. Based on data from epidemiological studies, we mode...

The paper addresses the problem of real-time emission control in a given set of air pollution sources. The approach applied utilizes the optimal control technique for distributed parameter systems. A set of pointwise emission sources with a predefined location and emission characteristics is considered as the controlled object. The problem is formulated as on-line minimization of an environment...