background: food infections caused by campylobacter are one of the gastrointestinal inflammations in humans is health and economic losses in the community is important. objectives: to determine the prevalence of campylobacter contamination in chicken skin samples of urmia, using bacterial culture and polymerase chain reactions.                 methods: 80 samples of chicken skin from the protei...

Oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers based on the 5' ends of bovine IgG1/2 and [lambda] constant (C) region genes, together with primers encoding conserved amino acids at the N-terminus of mature variable (V) regions from other species, have been used in cDNA and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) to amplify heavy and light chain V region cDNA from bovine heterohybridomas. The amino acid sequences o...

yet to find an argument that has convinced the public that GM is a green revolution we can ill afford to miss out on. Until ministers do so, GM crops will remain a much talked about idea, but never an eaten foodstuff.” “Proven: environmental dangers that may halt GM revolution” headed The Independent’s coverage. “British scientists delivered a massive blow to the case for genetically modified c...

Malaria is a global threat and never-ending battle without appropriate identification differentiation of the parasite species. This work compared diagnostic methods including thick film microscopy technique, quantitative buffy coat, polymerase chain reaction. The inaccuracy species determination by consequent treatment regime underlines necessity to upgrade routine with molecular techniques. In...

conclusions l. innocua is not a pathogen, but the presence of the bacterium could be an indicator of probable contamination with l. monocytogenes. moreover, there is a potential risk to public health from the consumption of raw or undercooked burgers, which may increase the possibility of the acquisition of resistance to antibiotics. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurren...

aim and objectives: the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is essentially hepatotropic but virus compartment have also been found in other important extra hepatic sites. detection of hcv rna in extra hepatic reservoirs such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) is important for determining of disease progression and effective treatment. the present study aimed to determining of different hcv genot...

background: about 15% of couples have infertility problems which 40% of them are related to the male factors. genetic factors are candidate for about 10% of male infertility conditions. among these, azfa, azfb, azfc and azfd regions on the yq are considered most important for spermatogenesis. microdeletions of these regions are thought to be involved in some cases of azoospermic or oligospermic...