Bennett, Victoria J.; Smith, Winston P.; Betts, Matthew G. 2011. Toward understanding the ecological impact of transportation corridors. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-846. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 40 p. Transportation corridors (notably roads) affect wildlife habitat, populations, and entire ecosystems. Considerable effort has b...

The Belt and Road initiative, recently embarked on by China, aims to improve cross-border infrastructure in order to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created among Belt and Road countries as a consequence of the reduction in transportation costs (both railway and maritime) and find that European Union co...

The effects of vitamins C and E on layer chickens transported by road for 6 h during the hot dry season were investigated. Two experimental groups consisting of thirty Shika Brown layers were separately administered vitamins C and E orally just before transportation, while another 30 layers, which were only given sterile water, served as control. Blood samples analyzed before and after transpor...

In this study, we investigated the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) administration on goat excitability due to transportation. Ten goats administered AA (p.o.) at 100 mg/kg of body weight before transportation served as the experimental group, and seven goats administered only 10 ml/kg of sterile water (p.o.) served as controls. Excitability scores were recorded for each goat; when weighed, before,...

India has become one of the biggest emitters of atmospheric pollutants from the road transportation sector globally. Here we present an up-to-date inventory of the exhaust emissions of ten species. This inventory has been calculated bottom-up from the vehicle mileage, differentiating by seven vehicle categories, four age/technology layers and three fuel types each, for the seven biggest cities ...

This paper presents an approach for analysing and prototyping urban road network routes based on multiple criteria, such as spatial quality, transportation cost and aesthetics, in order to evaluate the quality of people’s use of road networks. A prototype is developed to analyse routes and accessibility in road layouts from a number of design and user related perspectives. A case study is used ...

This study examined interactions of environmental and safety measures for road transportation. The results showed that a vast majority of the examined measures support both policy objectives and thereby contribute effectively to sustainable transportation. However, there were also measures with conflicting effects, although the number of those measures was limited. In addition, there were a num...

Within the past decade, several transportation planning decision support systems that combine heuristic programming techniques with geographic information systems (GIS) technology have been developed to meet forest operation challenges. These decision support systems, however, have not directly addressed the upslope influences of landslides in choosing routes from road networks. This paper prov...

It is well known that ubiquitous use of the automobile has become a threat to the environment. However, humans have also become negatively affected by the proliferation of the current auto-centered culture, particularly low-income minority groups. Those who have access to a vehicle have a great advantage in our society while those who do not suffer in many ways. The current style of American tr...