Mistrustful cryptography includes important tasks like bit commitment, oblivious transfer, coin flipping, secure computations, position authentication, digital signatures and unforgeable tokens. Practical quantum implementations presently use photonic setups. In many such implementations, Alice sends photon pulses encoding states Bob chooses measurements on these states. practice, generally use...

Lattice based cryptography is claimed as a serious candidate for post quantum cryptography, it recently became an essential tool of modern cryptography. Nevertheless, if lattice based cryptography has made theoretical progresses, its chances to be adopted in practice are still low due to the cost of the computation. If some approaches like RSA and ECC have been strongly optimized in particular ...

Similar to certificateless cryptography, certificate-based cryptography is another novel public key setting which combines the merits of traditional public key cryptography (PKC) and identity-based cryptography (IBC). Both certificateless cryptography and certificate based cryptography do not have the key escrow problem in identity-based cryptography, and greatly reduce the overhead of certific...

We survey some of the recently developed cryptographic schemes involving Artin’s braid groups, as well as the attacks against these schemes. We also point out some hints for future work.

We review briefly about identity-based encryption and decryption. In 1984 Adi Shamir requested a solution for a novel public-key encryption scheme, called identity-based encryption. The original motivation for identity-based encryption was to help the deployment of a public-key infrastructure. The idea of an identity-based encryption scheme is that the public key can be any arbitrary string, fo...

The Java Cryptography Architecture, JCA in short, was created to allow JCA-compliant cryptography providers to be plugged into a JCA-aware application at run time. This configurable feature makes JCA widely used and assures its success. However, the public key cryptographic service interfaces defined by JCA are based on the conventional public key cryptography, which is a single-sender-singlere...

Recent research has considered DNA as a medium for ultra-scale computation and for ultra-compact information storage. One potential key application is DNA-based, molecular cryptography systems. We present some procedures for DNA-based cryptography based on one-time-pads that are in principle unbreakable. Practical applications of cryptographic systems based on one-time-pads are limited in conve...

Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to some people who were involved in this project. First of all, I owe thanks to Henk van Tilborg for being my overall supervisor and arranging current and previous projects. I would like to thank Benne de Weger, who was closely involved in the writing of this report, for the fruitful discussions and useful advises. T...

In this chapter we describe some of the recent progress in lattice-based cryptography. Lattice-based cryptographic constructions hold a great promise for post-quantum cryptography, as they enjoy very strong security proofs based on worst-case hardness, relatively efficient implementations, as well as great simplicity. In addition, lattice-based cryptography is believed to be secure against quan...