Introduction The anatomy of the posterior circulation is very complex and variable. The basilar artery which forms the spine of posterior cerebral circulation usually terminates by dividing into two posterior cerebral arteries [1]. Basilar termination is the most frequent site of aneurysm [2]. The variations may also alter the relationships with and compress oculomotor nerve [3]. There are, how...

The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is indispensable for both prognosis and treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, there is subtype of acute ischemic stroke (i.e., posterior circulation stroke) that is difficult to diagnose using the NIHSS. The authors report the limits of NIHSS in this stroke subtype, suggesting thereby the need to modify and render it mo...

Vertebral artery hypoplasia is not currently considered an independent risk factor for stroke. Emerging evidence suggest that vertebral artery hypoplasia may contribute to posterior circulation ischemic events, especially when other risk factors coexist. In the present literature review, we present published data to discuss the relationship between a hypoplastic vertebral artery and posterior c...

Basilar artery fenestration is an uncommon congenital variant that has been associated with aneurysms and posterior circulation infarcts in the adult literature. Little is known about the functional consequences of basilar artery fenestration, if any, in childhood. We present a case of a previously healthy 12-year-old boy who presented with diplopia, tinnitus, and ataxia who had subtle findings...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present contribution is to perform a detailed anatomic and virtual reality three-dimensional stereoscopic study in order to test the effectiveness of the extended endoscopic endonasal approaches for selected anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms. METHODS The study was divided in two main steps: (1) simulation step, using a dedicated Virtual Reality Syste...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several recent prospective studies have found that unruptured intracranial aneurysms at various anatomic locations have different propensities for future rupture. This study aims to uncover the lack of understanding regarding rupture-prone characteristics, such as morphology and hemodynamic factors, associated with different intracranial aneurysm location. MATERIALS AND...