purpose: to determine the sensitivity and specificity of posterior corneal elevation in discriminating keratoconus and subclinical keratoconus from normal corneas by galilei and orbscan ii diagnosed on the basis of topography. methods: three groups (keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus and normal) were evaluated with galilei and orbscan ii and results were compared to those obtained by gold sta...

purpose: to compare the effect of implantation of a single-piece hydrophilic foldable acrylic intraocular lens (iol) with rectangular optic edge and a single-piece polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) iol with rounded optic edges on posterior capsular opacification )pco(. methods: this randomized clinical trial study comprised 74 eyes with senile cataract in an otherwise normal eye in patients older ...

conclusion with thorough technical knowledge and an adequate learning curve, pra could serve as the surgeon’s preferred surgical approach to the adrenal gland within the confines of its selection criteria. background since the early 1990s, endoscopic adrenalectomy has become the gold standard surgical approach for the adrenal gland. also, lateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy (lta) which is the...

conclusions pedicled pibf is a new option for treating distal radius fracture non:union:. the results are predictable in achieving :union: and good function, and this technique can be successfully used in cases with extensive soft-tissue damage or infection. background non:union: of distal radius fractures is disabling. treatment is difficult and the results are not predictable. however, poster...

purpose : to evaluate the therapeutic effect of posterior sub-tenon methyl prednisolone in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, no class 1 study has shown any conclusive medical or surgical treatment for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (naion). efficacy of systemic or intravitreal steroids was suggested by some studies. this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safet...

introduction: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of glass ceramic insert in the sandwich technique to reduce microleakage in class ii composite resin restorations. methods: sixty sound human upper second premolars were selected and randomly divided into six groups (n=10). class ii box-only cavities were prepared in distal aspects of each tooth with gingival margin located a...