In 1949 John Cade, a senior medical officer of the Victorian Department of Mental Hygiene, Australia, investigated the effects of lithium carbonate and lithium citrate on the mental state of patients suffering from mania or manic depression (1). This illness is sometimes known as bipolar disorder. Lithium was regarded as a controversial medication, which had resulted in the deaths of some patie...

A mild and efficient one-pot three-component and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of a wide range of hydantoin annulated derivatives has been described. A multi-component reaction between a carbonyl compounds (ketone or aldehyde), potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate (as cyanating agent and amine source, respectively leads to the formation of hydantoins. The proposed optimi...

Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are the main antithyroid drugs used for hyperthyroidism. They inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormone at various levels and are used as the primary treatment for hyperthyroidism or as a preparation before radioiodine therapy or thyroidectomy. MMI is the drug of choice because of its widespread availability, longer half-life and small number of sever...

The liquid crystalline dimer of 4-(4-pentenyloxy)benzoic acid, a member of the n-alkoxybenzoic acid homologous series, was synthesized using potassium carbonate supported on alumina as catalyst. The acid dimer complex exhibited three mesophases; identified as nematic, smectic X1 and smectic X2. Phase transition temperatures and the corresponding enthalpies were recorded using differential scann...

Abstract: The main aim of this study is to investigate about citric acid production by ETGP12 and ETGP18 strains of Aspergillus niger with the inclusion of certain nutrients along with the substrates. The substrates (rice chaff and sesamum oil cake) were fermented in the presence of different nutrients like ammonium carbonate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at concentrations ranging from 0.1...

Activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation of lignin from a straw pulping precursor, using K2CO3 and KOH as chemical agents. To optimize the preparation method, the effect of the main process parameters (such as impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time) on the performance of the obtained activated carbon (expressed in terms of iodine number and yield of acti...

An efficient tandem synthesis of alkyl aryl ethers, including valuable building blocks of dialdehyde and dinitro groups under microwave irradiation and solvent free conditions on potassium carbonate as a mild solid base has been developed. A series of alkyl aryl ethers were obtained from alcohols in excellent yields by following the Williamson ether synthesis protocol under practical mild condi...

We have developed the first example of hypervalent iodine(V)-catalyzed regioselective oxidation of phenols to o-quinones. Various phenols could be oxidized to the corresponding o-quinones in good to excellent yields using catalytic amounts of sodium salts of 2-iodobenzenesulfonic acids (pre-IBSes) and stoichiometric amounts of Oxone® as a co-oxidant under mild conditions. The reaction rate of I...