nigeria has had several housing programmes and policies geared towards the provision of housing her citizens since colonial era to the post-colonial period. the nigerian government had always been directly involved in the provision of housing for the public servants and with the advent of the public-private partnership initiative, the low-income public servants’ acceptability of this new housin...

Poultry vaccines are widely applied to prevent and control contagious poultry diseases. Their use in poultry production is aimed at avoiding or minimising the emergence of clinical disease at farm level, thus increasing production. Vaccines and vaccination programmes vary broadly in regard to several local factors (e.g. type of production, local pattern of disease, costs and potential losses) a...

Poultry production in South Africa, a so-called developing country, may be seen as a gradient between two extremes with highly integrated commercial enterprises with world-class facilities on one hand and unimproved rural chickens kept by households and subsistence farmers on the other. Although vaccination against Newcastle disease is widely applied to control this devastating infection, epizo...

1. introduction khorasan’s rural housing, like other regions of iran, is consistent with the environmental, cultural, social and economic conditions. however, unfortunately, despite good efforts made by the relevant agencies to assist physical and spatial developments, there have been confusion and misdirection about implementing the needs, facts, and traditions of rural lifestyles. 2. theoreti...

BY an arrangement with the Bermuda Natural History Society, apportunity is offered for a limited number of instructors and research students in zoology and botany to spend a few weeks at the Bermuda Biological Station this summer. Members of the expedition will sail from New York on the steamer Bermudian (Quebec Steamship Co.) at 11 A.M. on Wednesday, June 19, arriving in Bermuda June 21, and r...

Emergence and transmission of infectious diseases have an enormous impact on the poultry industry and present a serious threat to the health of humans and wild birds. Noncommercial poultry operations, such as backyard poultry facilities in China, are potential sources of virus exchange between commercial poultry and wild birds. It is particularly critical in wetland areas where backyard poultry...

A needs assessment survey was developed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of poultry vendors at farmers' markets in Pennsylvania, on food safety, regulation, and poultry production. Vendors were administered a 32-question paper survey, in person, during market hours. The results revealed critical vendor practices and identified important vendor knowledge gaps and attitudes on food safety an...

Salmonella and Listeria spp. are frequently detected in poultry meats. Conventional isolation and identification methods to detect these microrganisms in food are laborious and time-consuming. In the present study the occurrence of Salmonellae and Listeriae on 362 samples of retail poultry in Caserta, South Italy was evaluated and standard microbiological and rapid methods were compared. Furthe...

Why is Poultry Welfare in develoPing countries a concern? The poultry sector is one of the most rapidly growing livestock sectors worldwide: between 1961 and 2001 the number of poultry slaughtered annually increased by 621 percent. Although industrialized countries have much higher average per capita consumption of most poultry products, production in developing countries is increasing rapidly....

BACKGROUND The significant role of retail poultry meat as an important exposure pathway for the acquisition and transmission of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) into the human population warrants understanding concerning those operational practices associated with dissemination of ESBL-EC in poultry meat retailing. Hence, the objective of this study was to dete...