Health, infrastructure, and environmental monitoring as well as networking and defense technologies are only some of the potential areas of application of micro-/nanosystems (MNSs). It is highly desirable that these MNSs operate without an external electricity source and instead draw the energy they require from the environment in which they are used. This Review covers various approaches for e...

We re-examined a modified emotional Stroop task that included an additional colour-word alongside the emotional word, providing the response conflict of the traditional Stroop task. Negative emotionally salient (i.e. unpleasant') words are claimed to capture attention, producing a smaller Stroop effect for negative words compared to neutral words; this phenomenon is called the emotional dilutio...

Bursting dynamics of mappings is investigated in this paper. We first present stability analysis of the mappings’ equilibria with various parameters. Then for three mappings P, P̄, and ̂ P with different parameters, we study their powers P4, P̄6, and ̂ P4. We show that the mappings thus obtained are chaotic by giving a rigorous verification of existence of horseshoes in these mappings. Precisely, w...

We observe experimentally two-dimensional solitons in superlattices comprising alternating deep and shallow waveguides fabricated via the femtosecond-laser direct writing technique. We find that the symmetry of linear diffraction patterns as well as soliton shapes and threshold powers largely differ for excitations centered on deep and shallow sites. Thus, bulk and surface solitons centered on ...

Let ts,n be the n-th positive integer number which can be written as a power p, t ≥ s, of a prime p (s ≥ 1 is fixed). Let πs(x) denote the number of prime powers p, t ≥ s, not exceeding x. We study the asymptotic behaviour of the sequence ts,n and of the function πs(x). We prove that the sequence ts,n has an asymptotic expansion comparable to that of pn (the Cipolla’s expansion).

We consider a class of random walks on a lattice, introduced by Gessel and Zeilberger, for which the reflection principle can be used to count the number of K-step walks between two points which stay within a chamber of a Weyl group. We prove three independent results about such "reflectable walks": first, a classification of all such walks; second, many determinant formulas for walk numbers an...

Let G(k) denote the least number s such that every sufficiently large natural number is the sum of at most s positive integral kth powers. We show that G(7) 6 31, G(8) 6 39, G(9) 6 47, G(10) 6 55, G(11) 6 63, G(12) 6 72, G(13) 6 81, G(14) 6 90, G(15) 6 99, G(16) 6 108.

Roger A. Nicoll Stuart L. Pimm Yeshayau Pocker Dennis A. Powers Ralph S. Quatrano V. Ramanathan Douglas C. Rees T. M. Rice David C. Rubie Erkki Ruoslahti Gottfried Schatz Jozef Schell Ronald H. Schwartz Terrence J. Sejnowski Ellen Solomon Thomas A. Steitz Michael P. Stryker Robert T. N. Tjian Emil R. Unanue Geerat J. Vermeij Bert Vogelstein Harold Weintraub Arthur Weiss Zena Werb George M. Whit...

We numerically investigate the ratchet transport of mixtures of active and passive particles in a transversal asymmetric channel. A big passive particle is immersed in a 'sea' of active particles. Due to the chirality of active particles, the longitudinal directed transport is induced by the transversal asymmetry. For the active particles, the chirality completely determines the direction of th...