A power efficient gain adjustment technique is described to realize programmable gain current mirror. The dissipation power changes over the wide gain range of structure are almost negligible. This property is in fact very interesting from power management perspective, especially in analog designs. The simple structure and constant frequency bandwidth are other ever-interesting merits of propos...

Carboxymethyl chitosan was prepared by reacting chitosan with chloroacetic acid in water under microwave irradiation. The effect of the reaction conditions was investigated and optimal conditions were identified. The influence of mass ratio of chloroacetic acid to chitosan, microwave power and pH on the degree of substitution or intrinsic viscosity were further studied. The degree of substituti...

Building a detector the size of a 10-story building two kilometers underground is a strange way to study solar phenomena. Yet that has turned out to be the key to unlocking a decades-old puzzle about the physical processes occurring inside the sun. English physicist Arthur Eddington suggested as early as 1920 that nuclear fusion powered the sun, but efforts to confirm critical details of this i...

Amplification of signal intensity is essential for initiating physical processes, diagnostics, sensing, communications and measurement. During traditional amplification, the signal is amplified by multiplying the signal carriers through an active gain process, requiring the use of an external power source. In addition, the signal is degraded by noise and distortions that typically accompany act...

We use the recursive path ordering (RPO) technique of semantic labelling to show the preservation of strong normalization (PSN) property for several calculi of explicit substitution. PSN states that if a term M is strongly normalizing under ordinary p-reduction (using ‘global’ substitutions), then it is strongly normalizing if the substitution is made explicit (‘local’). There are different way...

For determinate measures ß having moments of every order we define and study an index of determinacy which checks the stability of determinacy under multiplication by even powers of \t — z\ for z a complex number. Using this index of determinacy, we solve the problem of determining for which z£C the sequence {p\T\z))n ( m 6 N ) belongs to I2 , where (p„)„ is the sequence of orthonormal polynomi...

This paper suggests two methods to calculate the gains of a proportional-Integral pitch angle controller for a 5 MW wind turbine. The first method is analytical and the second one is based on simulation. Firstly, the power coefficient characteristics for different pitch angles are calculated. Secondly, the output powers vs. rotor speed curves from cut-in to cut-out wind speeds are simulated. Th...

The rule of law is increasingly understood as a foundational determinant of health; one which underlies other socioeconomic, political, and cultural factors associated with health outcomes.1 Strengthened rule of law and related human resource capacity are critical for achieving the health outcomes of the 2030 Agenda, Agenda 2063, the African Health Strategy, and other global and regional develo...

The fragmentation functions for gluons to split into P-wave heavy quarkonium states are calculated to leading order in the QCD coupling constant. Long-distance effects are factored into two nonperturbative parameters: the derivative of the radial wavefunction at the origin and a second parameter related to the probability for a heavy-quark-antiquark pair that is produced in a color-octet S-wave...