Introduction . To optimize the performance of vehicle electrical system, it is necessary to improve control principles and strategies. The may be based on voltage constancy, ensuring battery charge, reducing fuel consumption, etc. Materials methods A distinctive feature first level strategy absence additional sensors in power supply system. Their occurence led emergence second aimed at starter ...

The term ‘smart grid‘, is nowadays very often used in many publications and so far has not been explicitly defined, however it refers mainly to such an operation of electricity delivery process that allows to optimize energy efficiency by flexible interconnection of central and distributed generators through transmission and distribution system to industrial and consumer end-users [1], [3], [11...